Search results for " fatty acid"
showing 10 items of 498 documents
Hepatic storage and transport of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids by very-low-density lipoproteins in growing rats fed low- or adequate-protei…
1997
Protein and essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiencies may both occur in chronic malnutrition and have common symptoms. To determine the interactions between dietary protein intake and EFA availability, rats were fed purified diets containing 20% or 2% casein and 5% as one of four fats (sunflower, soybean, coconut, or salmon oil) that differed particularly in their n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Protein malnutrition enhanced hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations while decreasing hepatic protein and phospholipid contents and mass and components of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The ratio of PUFAs to saturated fatty acids (SFAs) was consistently depressed…
Dietary protein deficiency affects n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids hepatic storage and very low density lipoprotein transport in rats on diff…
1994
Fatty livers and the similarity between the skin lesions in kwashiorkor and those described in experimental essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency have led to the hypothesis that protein and EFA deficiencies may both occur in chronic malnutrition. The relationship between serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and hepatic lipid composition was studied after 28 d of protein depletion to determine the interactions between dietary protein levels and EFA availability. Rats were fed purified diets containing 20 or 2% casein and 5% fat as either soybean oil rich in EFA, or salmon oil rich in eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, or hydrogenated coconut, oil poor in EFA. Animal…
Dietary Fatty Acids in Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases
2011
In the last few decades, the prevalence of overweight and essential obesity has been undergoing a fast and progressive worldwide increase. Obesity has been in turn linked to type II diabetes, with the total number of diabetic patients worryingly increasing, in the last fifteen years, suggesting a pandemic phenomenon. At the same time, an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has been also recorded. Increasing evidence suggests that the diet is involved in such escalation. In particular, the progressive globalization of food industry allowed massive supply, at a relatively low price, of a great variety of pre-packed food and bakery products, with very high energy content. Mos…
Abnormalities of mitochondrial functioning can partly explain the metabolic disorders encountered in sarcopenic gastrocnemius.
2007
International audience; Aging triggers several abnormalities in muscle glycolytic fibers including increased proteolysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Since the mitochondria are the main site of substrate oxidation, ROS production and programmed cell death, we tried to know whether the cellular disorders encountered in sarcopenia are due to abnormal mitochondrial functioning. Gastrocnemius mitochondria were extracted from adult (6 months) and aged (21 months) male Wistar rats. Respiration parameters, opening of the permeability transition pore and ROS production, with either glutamate (amino acid metabolism) or pyruvate (glucose metabolism) as a respiration substr…
Total and subtypes of dietary fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study.
2017
Background: The associations between dietary fat and cardiovascular disease have been evaluated in several studies, but less is known about their influence on the risk of diabetes.Objective: We examined the associations between total fat, subtypes of dietary fat, and food sources rich in saturated fatty acids and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D).Design: A prospective cohort analysis of 3349 individuals who were free of diabetes at baseline but were at high cardiovascular risk from the PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea (PREDIMED) study was conducted. Detailed dietary information was assessed at baseline and yearly during the follow-up using a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable…
Modified arabinoxylan-based films. Part B. Grafting of omega-3 fatty acids by oxygen plasma and electron beam irradiation.
2003
Arabinoxylans (AXs) are byproducts of the cereal milling industry. To obtain high-value products, AXs have been used as a film-forming agent. Hence, AX-based films are poor water vapor barriers. The objectives of this study were to graft omega-3 (omega3) fatty acids onto AX polymeric chains by using two new technologies: cold plasma and electron beam (EB) irradiation. Results show that the surface hydrophobicity of the modified films is higher than that of a waxy coating or a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film. In addition, FTIR spectroscopy analysis reveals vibration bands attributed to new chemical functions. Finally, a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP) is obtained for the film…
Design of Gelatin Pouches for the Preservation of Flaxseed Oil during Storage
2020
Flaxseed oil (FO) is composed mainly of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are very sensitive to oxidation induced by oxygen, temperature, and light. To overcome this problem, gelatin-based films containing glucose are crosslinked via the Maillard reaction (MR) at 120 °
Lipid Metabolism during the Sexual Maturation of the Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor): Effect of Ingested Diflubenzuron
1997
Abstract Diflubenzuron (DFB), a benzoylphenylurea derivative, when fed to adult females of Tenebrio molitor during sexual maturation (i.e., from adult ?? to day 9), was found to accumulate in the fat body and to quantitatively and qualitatively affect lipid synthesis. DFB treatment decreased the overall lipid level in the fat body and caused perturbations in both the rate of incorporation and distribution of radiolabeled oleic acid in the different classes of lipids. Compared to untreated controls, a significant increase in the level of saturated fatty acids and a significant decrease in the level of unsaturated fatty acids were observed in the fat body. In the ovaries, the fatty acid compo…
Relationship between ethanol tolerance, lipid composition and plasma membrane fluidity inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandKloeckera apiculata
1994
The lipid composition of a strain of each of two yeasts, Saccharomyces csrevisiae and Kloeckera apiculata, with different ethanol tolerances, was determined for cells grown with or without added ethanol. An increase in the proportion of ergosterol, unsaturated fatty acid levels and the maintenance of phospholipid biosynthesis seemed to be responsible for ethanol tolerance. The association of ethanol tolerance of yeast cells with plasma membrane fluidity, measured by fluorescence anisotropy, is discussed. We propose that an increase in plasma membrane fluidity may be correlated with a decrease in the sterol: phospholipid and sterol: protein ratios and an increase in unsaturation index.
Kinetics and characteristics of 70 °C, VFA-grown, UASB granular sludge
1999
We studied in batch reactors the kinetics and characterization of 70 °C, volatile fatty acids (VFAs)-grown, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket granular sludge with 55 and 35 °C sludge as reference. The half-saturation constant (Ks), the inhibition constant (Ki), the maximum specific methane production rate (μCH4max), and the inhibition response coefficient (n) of the 70 °C sludge were 6.15 mM, 48.2 mM, 0.132 h−1, and 2.48, respectively, while no inhibition occurred at 55 and 35 °C, where the Ks was 3.67 and 3.82 mM, respectively. At 70 °C, the highest initial specific methanogenic activity (ISMA, 0.311 gCH4-COD per gram volatile solids per day) on VFAs was about 12–15% lower than that on aceta…