Search results for " fatty acid"

Dissolution of resin acids, retene and wood sterols from contaminated lake sediments.

2005

The dissolution potency of hydrophobic resin acids (RAs), retene and wood sterols from sediments was studied. These wood extractives and their metabolites are sorbed from pulp and paper mill effluents to downstream sediments. With harmful components like these, sediments can pose a hazard to the aquatic environment. Therefore, sediment elutriates with water were produced under variable conditions (agitation rate and efficiency, time), and concentrations of the dissoluted compounds were analyzed. Both naturally contaminated field sediments and artificially spiked sediments were studied. By vigorous agitation RAs can be released fast from the sediment matrix and equilibrium reached within 3 d…

EFFECT OF ADDING SOLID AND MOLTEN CHOCOLATE ON THE POLYPHENOL CONTENT, CHEMICAL, TEXTURAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY ASPECTS OF PECORINO SICILIANO …

In this project we used two specific food products, which are typically Sicilian, Pecorino Siciliano cheese and Modica chocolate, that have unique texture and taste. “Chocolate cheese” is produced with the aim of increasing the consumption of cheese especially among children, targeting the purpose of improving public health. In this research we investigated chocolate cheese including solid and molten chocolate in three levels of 5%, 10% and 15% at four ripening times (T0 = fresh, T1 = 2 weeks, T2 = 4 weeks and T3 = 6 weeks). The results showed that the addition of chocolate significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased the pH, ash and protein content of the Pecorino Siciliano cheese, whereas it had no…

Lipid content and essential fatty acid (EFA) composition of mature Congolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status: Impact on inf…

1998

To measure the lipid content and the fatty acid (FA) composition of breast milk as part of a nutritional survey of the essential fatty acid (EFA) status of 5 months old Congolese infants.Cross sectional nutrition survey.A suburban district of Brazzaville (capital of the Congo).A random sample of nursing mothers and their 5 months old infants (n = 102). Data collection procedures: The mothers were questioned on their socio-economic status, dietary habits, and their body mass index (BMI) was measured. Breast milk samples were collected from each mother. Milk lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined.Compared with milk from various countries, Congolese women's mature breast milk…

Composition of the essenthial oil of Petagnaea gussonei (Sprengel) Rauschert, a relict species from Sicily (Southern Italy).

2008

The essential oil from leaves, stems and roots of Petagnaea gussonei (Sprengel) Rauschert ( = Petagnia saniculifolia Guss.), endemic to the Nebrodi Mountains (Sicily, Italy), has been analysed by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) system on two fused-silica capillary columns of different polarities. A total of 94 components were identified. Quantitative and qualitative differences were found among the analysed parts. The principal compounds from the leaves oil were found to be (w/w%) germacrene D (19.9%), γ-muurolene (7.96%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.85%), while in the oil from stems hexadecanoic acid (23.40%), germacrene D (18.50%) and (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (13.20%…

Arachidonic acid relaxes human pulmonary arteries through K+ channels and nitric oxide pathways.

2004

We aimed to investigate the role of K(+) channels and nitric oxide (NO) on the relaxant effects of arachidonic acid in the human intralobar pulmonary arteries. Arachidonic acid produced a concentration-dependent relaxation (E(max)=93+/-3% of maximal relaxation induced by papaverine 0.1 mM;-log EC(30)=7.03+/-0.09) that was antagonized by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (1 microM), by the combination of cyclooxygenase blockade and cytochrome P450 (CYP) blockade with 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA, 10 microM), by the combination of cyclooxygenase inhibition and NO synthase (NOS) inhibition with N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NOARG, 100 microM), by the simultaneous inhibition of CYP and …

Eight-week consumption of milk enriched with omega 3 fatty acids raises their blood concentrations yet does not affect lipids and cardiovascular dise…

2014

Adequate concentrations of omega 3 fatty acids (FA) may be maintained by consuming foods naturally rich in or functional foods enriched with those essential FA. We assessed the effects of an 8-week consumption of milk enriched with 400. mg of omega 3 FA on blood lipid levels and selected cardiovascular risk factors in adult healthy volunteers. Participants (n= 157) were randomized to consume - for eight weeks - either 500. mL/day of 1% fat milk providing 150. mg of eicosapentaenoic (EPA), 150. mg of docosahexaenoic (DHA), and 100. mg of α-linolenic (ALA) acids or 500. mL/day of non-enriched 1% fat milk. At week 8, we observed significant increments of blood EPA and DHA in the intervention g…

In vitro and in vivo effects of Ranunculus peltatus subsp. baudotii methanol extract on models of eicosanoid production and contact dermatitis

2007

Ranunculus (Crowfoot) species are numerous and they are all reputed to be counter-irritants and are used in several topical conditions. In order to study the pharmacological mechanisms of action underlying this popular use, a methanol extract of Ranunculus peltatus was tested in vitro in various assays involving eicosanoid and human elastase release by intact cells as well as in vivo, with models of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) contact dermatitis. The extract proved to be a selective inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase-1 pathway, producing the total inhibition of 12-(S)-HHTrE release at 200 microg/mL, while leaving both 5-lipoxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase activities unaffected at the same…

Mitochondrial basis of the anti-arrhythmic action of lidocaine and modulation by the n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio of cardiac phospholipids

2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of mitochondria in the mechanism of the anti-arrhythmic lidocaine. Rats were fed with a diet containing either n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, SSO group) or an equimolecular mixture of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs (FO group) for 8 weeks. The hearts were perfused according to the working mode using a medium with or without lidocaine 5 μM. They were then subjected to local ischemia (20 min) and reperfusion (30 min). Dietary n-3 PUFAs triggered the expected decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of cardiac phospholipids. Reperfusing the ischemic area favored the incidence of severe arrhythmias. Lidocaine treatment abolished almost completely reper…

Docosahexaenoic acid and other fatty acids induce a decrease in pHiin Jurkat T-cells

2003

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) induced rapid (t1/2=33 s) and dose-dependent decreases in pHi in BCECF-loaded human (Jurkat) T-cells. Addition of 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchanger, prolonged DHA-induced acidification as a function of time, indicating that the exchanger is implicated in pHi recovery. Other fatty acids like oleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, but not palmitic acid, also induced a fall in pHi in these cells. To assess the role of calcium in the DHA-induced acidification, we conducted experiments in Ca2+-free (0% Ca2+) and Ca2+-containing (100% Ca2+) buffer. We observed that there was no difference in the degree of DHA-induced transient ac…

n-3 PUFAs modulate T-cell activation via protein kinase C-α and -ε and the NF-κB signaling pathway

2005

We elucidated the mechanisms of action of two n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in Jurkat T-cells. Both DHA and EPA were principally incorporated into phospholipids in the following order: phosphatidylcholine < phosphatidylethanolamine < phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylserine. Furthermore, two isoforms of phospholipase A(2) (i.e., calcium-dependent and calcium-independent) were implicated in the release of DHA and EPA, respectively, during activation of these cells. The two fatty acids inhibited the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced plasma membrane translocation of protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha and -epsilon. The two n-3 PUFAs also inhibited t…