Search results for " fatty acids."

Analysis of lipids in pelagic fish of Sicilian Channel and use of fatty acids as bacterial contamination markers

Lipids provide the expendable form of energy in marine ecosystem, and have an important role for the reproductive biology of fish. Also, lipids are important nutrients, versatile markers for marine trophic studies, bacteria markers etc. Among the lipids, several essential fatty acids are determinants for ecosystem health as well as for their known nutritional properties and prevention capacity of chronic diseases. Furan fatty acids (F - acids) are other important lipid bioactive compounds; for these is hypothesized a crucial nutritional role that is synergistic to polyunsaturated fatty acids omega 3 (PUFA ω 3), also if their mechanism is not yet clear. Source of essential fatty acid is the …

Caratterizzazione del pattern lipidico e degli acidi grassi del muscolo dell’ibrido Acipenser naccarii (Bonaparte, 1836) x A. baerii (Brandt, 1869) e…

2002

Muscle phospholipids and tryglicerides were measured in two sturgeon (Acipenseridae) hybrids. Fatty acid composition of the two lipidic fractions showed a strong similarity between the two hybrids.

Lipid and fatty acid biomarkers as proxies for environmental contamination in caged mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis

2015

Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were transplanted from a reference site (Syracuse harbour) to an impacted site (Augusta Bay) from January to July 2013 to assess the biochemical response of caged mus- sels to high trace element and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination, using lipid and fatty acid (FA) biomarkers. Sediment and mussels were analysed to assess contaminant bioavailability in the study sites and bioaccumulation in mussel tissue. Trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) and PAHs were significantly higher in mussels from Augusta than in those from Syracuse, mirror- ing the different environmental contamination. The biological impact quotient (BIQs…

Rheological and nutritional profile of spaghetti and bread fortified with hemp flours

2022

In recent years, the demands of food consumers have changed considerably. Food today is not only intended to satisfy hunger and provide the necessary nutrients, but also to prevent food-related diseases and improve the physical and mental well-being of consumers. Functional foods are formulated to contain healthy components, which when consumed daily as part of the diet, can have beneficial health effects. Cereal-based products, especially pasta and bread, are well suited for adding nutrients. Both bread and pasta, traditionally produced using durum wheat flour, can be prepared also using "non-wheat flours" in variable percentages or by incorporating food by-products, capable of increasing …

Ketogenic diet as antiepileptic therapy: Neurotrasmission effects

2017

The Ketogenic diet (KD) presents many effects on neurostrasmitters pathways. KD may act on potassium channels sensitive to ATP (KATP), inhibiting rapamycin pathway in mammalians or glutamatergic synaptic transmission or mediated by peptide hormones.

Age-associated changes in circulatory fatty acids: new insights on adults and long-lived individuals

2022

Long-lived individuals (LLIs) are considered an ideal model to study healthy human aging. Blood fatty acid (FA) profile of a cohort of LLIs (90–111 years old, n = 49) from Sicily was compared to adults (18–64 years old, n = 69) and older adults (65–89 years old, n = 54) from the same area. Genetic variants in key enzymes related to FA biosynthesis and metabolism were also genotyped to investigate a potential genetic predisposition in determining the FA profile. Gas chromatography was employed to determine the FA profile, and genotyping was performed using high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis. Blood levels of total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and total trans-FA decreased with age, while the lev…

Immunity and Nutrition: The Right Balance in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an increasingly urgent medical problem that strongly impairs quality of life for patients. A global rise in incidence has been observed over the last few decades, with the highest incidence rates recorded in North America and Europe. Still, an increased incidence has been reported in the last ten years in newly industrialized countries in Asia, including China and India, both with more than one billion inhabitants. These data underline that IBD is an urgent global health problem. In addition, it is estimated that between 20% and 30% of IBD patients will develop colorectal cancer (CRC) within their lifetime and CRC mortality is approximately 50% amongst IB…

Identification and quantification of phosphatidylcholines containing very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in bovine and human retina using liqu…

2010

The retina is one of the vertebrate tissues with the highest content in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). A large proportion of retinal phospholipids, especially those found in photoreceptor membranes, are dipolyunsaturated molecular species. Among them, dipolyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species are known to contain very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA) from the n-3 and n-6 series having 24-36 carbon atoms (C24-C36) and four to six double bonds. Recent interest in the role played by VLC-PUFA arose from the findings that a protein called elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids 4 (ELOVL4) is involved in their biosynthesis and that mutations in the ELOVL…

A "fat" Streptomycete strain overproduces antibiotics

Lipid and fatty acid variations inCiona intestinalis ovary after tri-n-butyltin(IV)chloride exposure

2005

Reduction of total lipids (TL) content and significant variations of triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) fractions were observed as a consequence of exposure of Ciona intestinalis ovaries to tributyltin chloride (TBTCL) solutions. In particular, an evident TG decrease and a PL increase were observed, which probably provoked an increment in membrane fluidity, because of the high concentration of long chain fatty acids and, as a consequence, PL. This could be a cell adaptive standing mechanism towards the pollutants, as observed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Also the increase in the content of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), important in the synthesis of compounds such as prostagla…