Search results for " fire"
showing 10 items of 92 documents
Soil biogeochemistry and microbial community dynamics in Pinus pinaster Ait. forests subjected to increased fire frequency.
2022
Fire frequency might increase in many fire-dominated ecosystems of the world due to the combined effects of global warming, land-use change and increased human pressures. Understanding how changes in fire frequency can affect the main soil biogeochemical dynamics, as well as the microbial community, in the long term is utmost important. Here we determined the effect of changes in fire frequency and other fire history characteristics on soil C and N dynamics and the main microbial groups (using soil fatty acid profiles), in Pinus pinaster forests from central Spain. Stands were chosen to differ in the number of fires (1 to 3) occurred between 1976 and 2018, in the time elapsed since the last…
Medical pre-hospital management reduces mortality in severe blunt trauma: a prospective epidemiological study
2011
International audience; INTRODUCTION: Severe blunt trauma is a leading cause of premature death and handicap. However, the benefit for the patient of pre-hospital management by emergency physicians remains controversial because it may delay admission to hospital. This study aimed to compare the impact of medical pre-hospital management performed by SMUR (Service Mobile d'Urgences et de Réanimation) with non-medical pre-hospital management provided by fire brigades (non-SMUR) on 30-day mortality. METHODS: The FIRST (French Intensive care Recorded in Severe Trauma) study is a multicenter cohort study on consecutive patients with severe blunt trauma requiring admission to university hospital i…
L'architettura del viaggio: le stazioni per l'alta velocità di Torino, Firenze e Roma
2012
The recent launching in Italy of a number of large scale urban operations centered around High Speed Railway (HSR) stations has added a wealth of examples and themes to the overall European picture; these go to make up a global point of reference for other countries that are, in this period, undertaking the construction of their own HSR networks. Above and beyond the territorial questions often linked to the issue, further research investigating the architectural aspect of these operations would be highly relevant, but is rather lacking. Instead, we shall be focusing on current HSR stations in Italy, such as Turin Porta Susa, Florence Belfiore and Rome Tiburtina, and comparing them briefly,…
‘Back to the Future’—Oak wood-pasture for wildfire prevention in the Mediterranean
2021
In the summer of 2021, enormous wildfires in the Mediterranean eliminated huge areas of mainly coniferous forest, destroyed adjacent settlements and claimed the lives of many people. The fires indicate effects of climate change and expose consequences of rural demographic changes, deficits in regional and touristic development planning and shortcomings in forest policy. This forum article highlights the dimensions of the problem, calls for a paradigm shift and shows solutions. Land abandonment, woody plant encroachment and non-reflective afforestation are leading to increasing amounts of combustible biomass. To prevent disastrous fires in future, fundamental changes in tree species composit…
Hybrid inversion of radiative transfer models based on high spatial resolution satellite reflectance data improves fractional vegetation cover retrie…
2021
In forest landscapes affected by fire, the estimation of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) from remote sensing data using radiative transfer models (RTMs) enables to evaluate the ecological impact of such disturbance across plant communities at different spatio-temporal scales. Even though, when landscapes are highly heterogeneous, the fine-scale ground spatial variation might not be properly captured if FVC products are provided at moderate or coarse spatial scales, as typical of most of operational Earth observing satellite missions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of a RTM inversion approach for estimating FVC from satellite reflectance data at high spatial reso…
A heuristic for fast convergence in interference-free channel assignment using D1EC coloring
2010
This work proposes an efficient method for solving the Distance-1 Edge Coloring problem (D1EC) for the assignment of orthogonal channels in wireless networks with changing topology. The coloring algorithm is performed by means of the simulated annealing method, a generalization of Monte Carlo methods for solving combinatorial problems. We show that the simulated annealing-based coloring converges fast to a suboptimal coloring scheme. Furthermore, a stateful implementation of the D1EC scheme is proposed, in which network coloring is executed upon topology changes. The stateful D1EC is also based on simulated annealing and reduces the algorithm’s convergence time by one order of magnitude in …
Measurement report: Emission factors of NH3 and NHx for wildfires and agricultural fires in the United States
2023
During the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) study, the NASA DC-8 carried out in situ chemical measurements in smoke plumes emitted from wildfires and agricultural fires in the contiguous United States. The DC-8 payload included a modified proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) for the fast measurement of gaseous ammonia (NH3) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) for the fast measurement of submicron particulate ammonium (NH4+). We herein report data collected in smoke plumes emitted from 6 wildfires in the Western United States, 2 prescribed grassland fires in the Central United …
Early post-fire bird community in European boreal forest: Comparing salvage-logged with non-intervention areas
2019
Salvage logging after disturbances in forests substantially modifies vegetation structureand dead wood availability, but empirical evidence on its impact on biodiversity, especiallyin European boreal forest, is sparse. In this study we investigated the short-term effect ofpost-fire salvage logging on species richness and abundance of birds in recently burnedmixed coniferous forest. Using point counts we estimated local species composition at 49salvaged sites and 55 non-intervention sites (burnt forest left for natural regeneration) thatwere not logged after afire in south-central Sweden. Local species richness, abundanceand Simpson's species diversity index were significantly higher at non-…
Impact of Land Cover Change Induced by a Fire Event on the Surface Energy Fluxes Derived from Remote Sensing
2015
Forest fires affect the natural cycle of the vegetation, and the structure and functioning of ecosystems. As a consequence of defoliation and vegetation mortality, surface energy flux patterns can suffer variations. Remote sensing techniques together with surface energy balance modeling offer the opportunity to explore these changes. In this paper we focus on a Mediterranean forest ecosystem. A fire event occurred in 2001 in Almodovar del Pinar (Spain) affecting a pine and shrub area. A two-source energy balance approach was applied to a set of Landsat 5-TM and Landsat 7-EMT+ images to estimate the surface fluxes in the area. Three post-fire periods were analyzed, six, seven, nine, and 11 y…
iOS tērzēšanas lietojumprogramma
2017
Kvalifikācijas darba mērķis ir izstrādāt lietojumprogrammu, kas darbotos uz mobīlajām ierīcēm ar iOS operetājsistēmu. Lietojumprogrammas uzdevums ir dot cilvēku grupai iespēju reģistrēties dotajā lietojumprogrammā un dot iespēju izveidot dažādas terzēšanas istabas, lai katrā varētu apspriest izvēlētas tēmas. Atsevišķas terzēšanas istabas dot iespēju sakartot visas tēmas apspriešanai dažādās vietās, lai lietotājiem nevajadzētu ilgi meklēt visu īzziņu sarakstā, kur tieši bija apspriestas noteiktās tēmas. Tāpēc dota lietojumprogramma ne tikai organizē apspriešanas tēmas, bet ari taupa lietotāju laiku.