Search results for " forced expiratory volume"

showing 10 items of 23 documents

Oxidative Stress and Respiratory System: Pharmacological and Clinical Reappraisal of N-Acetylcysteine

2014

Abstract The large surface area for gas exchange makes the respiratory system particularly susceptible to oxidative stress-mediated injury. Both endogenous and exogenous pro-oxidants (e.g. cigarette smoke) trigger activation of leukocytes and host defenses. These mechanisms interact in a ìmultilevel cycleî responsible for the control of the oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis. Several studies have demonstrated the presence of increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidants (e.g. reduced glutathione [GSH]) in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the contribution of oxidative stress to the pathophysiology of COPD is generally only minimally discussed. The aim of t…

Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicineChronic ObstructiveAntioxidantantioxidantNeutrophilsmedicine.medical_treatmentAntioxidant; Copd exacerbation; Lung function; Small airways; Acetylcysteine; Antioxidants; Bronchitis Chronic; Disease Progression; Expectorants; Forced Expiratory Volume; Hospitalization; Humans; Macrophages; Neutrophils; Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive; Reactive Oxygen Species; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; Oxidative Stress; Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicineAntioxidant; Copd exacerbation; Lung function; Small airways; Acetylcysteine; Antioxidants; Bronchitis Chronic; Disease Progression; Expectorants; Forced Expiratory Volume; Hospitalization; Humans; Macrophages; Neutrophils; Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive; Reactive Oxygen Species; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; Oxidative StressOxidative phosphorylationReviewSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratoriomedicine.disease_causeAntioxidantsAcetylcysteinePulmonary Diseasechemistry.chemical_compoundPulmonary Disease Chronic ObstructiveCOPD exacerbationForced Expiratory VolumemedicineHumansRespiratory systemChronicBronchitisExpectorantschemistry.chemical_classificationCOPDReactive oxygen speciessmall airwaysbusiness.industryMacrophageslung functionGlutathionemedicine.diseaseAcetylcysteineBronchitis ChronicHospitalizationOxidative StresschemistryImmunologyDisease ProgressionRespiratory Physiological PhenomenabusinessReactive Oxygen SpeciesOxidative stressmedicine.drug
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A potential link between serum low-density lipoproteins and asthma

2015

Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicineHypersensitivity ImmediateMaleApolipoprotein A-Ibusiness.industryCholesterol HDLSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioCritical Care and Intensive Care Medicinemedicine.diseaseAsthmaText miningForced Expiratory VolumeImmunologyLow densityMedicineFemaleApolipoprotein A-I; Asthma; Cholesterol HDL; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity Immediate; Male; Forced Expiratory VolumebusinessLink (knot theory)AsthmaHuman
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Clinical and Functional Characteristics of COPD Patients Across GOLD Classifications: Results of a Multicenter Observational Study.

2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease. The severity grading systems proposed by the Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) have changed over time. The aim of the study was to evaluate if the different GOLD classifications can capture the complexity of the disease by investigating the distribution of lung function and clinical parameters across the GOLD classification systems. This was an observational, retrospective, multicentre study. COPD patients were stratified according to the GOLD severity grading proposed in the 2007, and to the ABCD assessment tool present in the 2011, and 2017 versions of the initiative. Data from body plethy…

Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicineMaleChronic Obstructivemedicine.medical_specialtyphenotypeCopd patientsSettore MED/10 - Malattie dell'Apparato RespiratorioVital CapacitySocio-culturalePulmonary diseaseSeverity gradingDiseaseGOLD documentairflow obstructionurologic and male genital diseasesSeverity of Illness IndexPulmonary Disease03 medical and health sciencesLeukocyte CountPulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive0302 clinical medicineRisk FactorsInternal medicineForced Expiratory VolumemedicineCOPDHumanseosinophil030212 general & internal medicineAgedRetrospective StudiesCOPDbusiness.industryairflow obstruction COPD eosinophil GOLD document phenotypeMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseObstructive lung diseaserespiratory tract diseasesEosinophils030228 respiratory systemItalyairflow obstruction; COPD; eosinophil; GOLD document; phenotype; Aged; Eosinophils; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Inspiratory Capacity; Italy; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Vital CapacityObservational studyFemalesense organsbusinessCOPD; GOLD document; airflow obstruction; eosinophil; phenotypeInspiratory CapacityCOPD
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Impact of allergic rhinitis on asthma: effects on bronchodilation testing

2008

A remarkable relationship exists between the upper and lower airways. Bronchial obstruction is a paramount feature of asthma, and its reversibility is considered a main step in asthma diagnosis.To investigate the degree of bronchodilation and possible risk factors related to it in patients with moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis alone.A total of 375 patients with moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis and 115 controls were prospectively and consecutively evaluated by means of clinical examination, skin prick testing, spirometry, and bronchodilation testing.Patients with rhinitis showed a significant increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV) after bronchodilation…

Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicineSpirometryAdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyAllergyHumans; Skin Tests; Asthma; Forced Expiratory Volume; Spirometry; Rhinitis Allergic Perennial; Allergens; Adult; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Female; MaleRhinitis Allergic PerennialAdolescentImmunologyPhysical examinationImmunopathologyInternal medicineForced Expiratory VolumeBronchodilationmedicineHumansImmunology and AllergySkin TestsAsthmamedicine.diagnostic_testSkin Testbusiness.industryAllergenRespiratory diseaseAllergensMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseAsthmarespiratory tract diseasesBronchodilatationSpirometryImmunologyFemaleBronchial HyperreactivitybusinessHuman
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A cross-sectional study assessing the relationship between BMI, asthma, atopy, and eNO among schoolchildren

2011

Increased body weight may influence airway inflammatory mechanisms.To assess whether overweight-obesity (OW-O), evaluated as increased body mass index, is associated either with exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), a marker of airway inflammation, or with allergic sensitization in a large sample of children and adolescents.A cross-sectional, epidemiological study was performed on a population sample of schoolchildren evaluating 708 subjects (age 10-16 years; BMI 13-39 kg/m(2)) by respiratory health questionnaire, skin prick tests, spirometry, and eNO measure.Prevalence rates were: OW-O 16.4%, asthma ever (A) 11.9%, and rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) 14.8%. Asthma ever and allergic sensitization were signi…

Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicineSpirometryMaleObesity; Vital Capacity; Humans; Asthma; Child; Body Mass Index; Sicily; Forced Expiratory Volume; Nitric Oxide; Cross-Sectional Studies; Rhinitis Allergic Perennial; Logistic Models; Adolescent; Female; Male; PrevalenceVital capacitymedicine.medical_specialtyRhinitis Allergic PerennialLogistic ModelAdolescentImmunologyVital CapacityNitric OxideBody Mass IndexAllergic sensitizationAtopyFEV1/FVC ratioInternal medicineForced Expiratory VolumemedicinePrevalenceImmunology and AllergyHumansObesityRisk factorChildSicilyAsthmaCross-Sectional Studiemedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industrymedicine.diseaseAsthmarespiratory tract diseasesCross-Sectional StudiesLogistic ModelsAnesthesiaExhaled nitric oxideFemalebusinessHuman
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Alternative ways of expressing FEV1 and mortality in elderly people with and without COPD

2013

Expressing forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) as % predicted relies on the assumption of proportional variability and generalisability of prediction equations that may be unrealistic, especially for elderly people. We evaluated the prognostic implications of alternative ways of expressing FEV1. We enrolled 318 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 475 controls in the Salute Respiratoria nell'Anziano (SARA) study. The risk for 5-, 10- and 15-year mortality associated with FEV1 was studied by expressing FEV1 % pred, standardised by height cubed (FEV1 · Ht(-3)) and as a multiple of the sex-specific first percentile (FEV1 quotient (FEV1Q)). In the group with COPD, t…

Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicineSpirometryMalemedicine.medical_specialtyPediatricsPercentilePrognosiPulmonary diseaseSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioRate ratioPulmonary Disease Chronic ObstructiveElderly populationInternal medicineForced Expiratory VolumeHumansMedicineElderly peopleRespiratory Function TestAgedCOPDmedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryRespiratory Function Tests; Spirometry; Humans; Treatment Outcome; Prognosis; Case-Control Studies; Aged; Middle Aged; Forced Expiratory Volume; Male; Female; Pulmonary Disease Chronic ObstructiveCase-control studyrespiratory systemMiddle AgedPrognosismedicine.diseaseRespiratory Function Testsrespiratory tract diseasesTreatment OutcomeSpirometryCase-Control StudiesFemalebusinessCase-Control StudieHuman
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Assessing and accessing the small airways; implications for asthma management

2013

Despite the wealth of experience in the management of asthma, the disease remains inadequately controlled in some patients, who face long-term respiratory impairment and disability. The disease has been characterised as an inflammatory condition affecting first the larger airways and eventually the smaller airways, but there is evidence that peripheral airway involvement defines a particular and more severe phenotype of asthma. For this reason, assessing functional and biological parameters reflective of small airways involvement is important prognostically. No assessment method is universally and directly representative of peripheral airway function, but the traditional spirometric tests, …

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyVital capacityVital CapacityDiseaseSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioAsthma managementAir trappingNitric OxideNitric Oxide; Respiratory Function Tests; Vital Capacity; Humans; Tomography X-Ray Computed; Asthma; Forced Expiratory Volume; Breath TestsForced Expiratory VolumeMedicineHumansPharmacology (medical)Intensive care medicineAsthmaRespiratory Function Testbusiness.industrySmall airwaysBiochemistry (medical)medicine.diseaseResponse to treatmentAsthmarespiratory tract diseasesRespiratory Function TestsImpulse OscillometryBreath TestsAnesthesiamedicine.symptombusinessTomography X-Ray ComputedHuman
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Should we use gait speed in COPD, FEV 1 in frailty and dyspnoea in both?

2016

Frailty is a progressive physiological decline in multiple organ systems marked by loss of function, loss of physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to disease [1]. Biological (inflammation and loss of hormones), clinical ( e.g. sarcopenia and osteoporosis) and social factors are involved in frailty onset, evolution and prognosis [2, 3]. Links between frailty, dyspnoea and chronic respiratory diseases represent a novel and practical approach

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialty[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]OsteoporosisDiseaseIdoso FragilizadoDispneia03 medical and health sciencesPulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive0302 clinical medicineInternal medicineForced Expiratory VolumemedicineHumans030212 general & internal medicineLoss functionOrgan systemComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSAgedAged 80 and overCOPDFrailtybusiness.industrymedicine.disease3. Good healthGait speedWalking SpeedPreferred walking speedDyspnea030228 respiratory systemSarcopeniaPhysical therapyCardiologyDoença Pulmonar Obstrutiva CrónicaVolume Expiratório ForçadoAged; Aged 80 and over; Dyspnea; Forced Expiratory Volume; Frailty; Humans; Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive; Walking Speed; Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicinebusinessHuman
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Persistence of both reversible airway obstruction and higher blood eosinophils may predict lung function decline in severe asthma.

2021

Objective: This study analysed whether the persistence of both reversible airway obstruction (RAO) and elevated BE counts was associated to reduced asthma control and accelerated lung function decline in treated severe asthmatics. Methods: About 202 severe asthmatics were studied after 12–120 months of step-5 treatment associated to anti-IgE therapy. Following treatments, reversibility tests, after inhaling 400 mcg of Salbutamol, were performed. FEV1 > 12% or ≤12% changes differentiated RAO+ from RAO− subjects. Blood eosinophil (BE) counts after treatment were considered. Results: Pre-/post-treatment bronchodilator FEV1% and ACT were lower (61% [50–71], 74.4% [62.5–83.7] and 20[18–22]), …

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicinesevere asthmamedicine.medical_specialtymedicine.drug_classSevere asthmaEosinophilSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioGastroenterologyPersistence (computer science)03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineInternal medicineBronchodilatorallergic asthma blood eosinophil bronchodilator reversibility lung function decline severe asthma salbutamolForced Expiratory VolumemedicineSettore MED/10Immunology and AllergyHumans030212 general & internal medicineBlood eosinophilLungGenetics (clinical)Lung functionBronchodilator Agentallergic asthma; blood eosinophil; bronchodilator reversibility; lung function decline; severe asthma; salbutamol; bronchodilator agents; eosinophils; forced expiratory volume; humans; lung; airway obstruction; asthmabusiness.industrylung function declineAirway obstructionmedicine.diseaseAsthmaBronchodilator AgentsAirway ObstructionEosinophilsbronchodilator reversibility030228 respiratory systemsalbutamolSalbutamolBlood eosinophilsbusinessallergic asthmamedicine.drugHumanblood eosinophilThe clinical respiratory journalREFERENCES
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The airway response to deep inspirations decreases with COPD severity and is associated with airway distensibility assessed by computed tomography.

2008

In patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the effect of deep inspirations (DIs) to reverse methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction is largely attenuated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the effectiveness of DI is reduced with increasing disease severity and that this is associated with a reduction in the ability of DI to distend the airways. Fifteen subjects [Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage I–II: n = 7; GOLD stage III–IV: n = 8] underwent methacholine bronchoprovocation in the absence of DI, followed by DI. The effectiveness of DI was assessed by their ability to improve inspiratory vital capacity and forced expira…

SpirometryHigh-resolution computed tomographyPhysiologyRespiratory SystemVital CapacityHyperinflationSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioSeverity of Illness IndexBronchial Provocation TestsBronchoconstrictor AgentsAirway-parenchyma interdependencePulmonary Disease Chronic ObstructiveBronchoprovocationPhysiology (medical)Forced Expiratory VolumeSeverity of illnessAdministration InhalationmedicineHumansHigh-resolution computed tomographyMethacholine ChlorideAgedAged 80 and overCOPDMethacholinemedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryAirway-parenchyma interdependence; Bronchoprovocation; High-resolution computed tomography; Hyperinflation; Methacholine; Administration Inhalation; Aged; Aged 80 and over; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchoconstrictor Agents; Elasticity; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Methacholine Chloride; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive; Respiratory System; Severity of Illness Index; Spirometry; Vital Capacity; Inhalation; Tomography Spiral Computed; Physiology; Physiology (medical)Respiratory diseaseArticlesrespiratory systemMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseElasticityrespiratory tract diseasesBronchial Provocation TestInhalationSpirometryAnesthesiaBronchoconstrictor AgentBronchoconstrictionMethacholinemedicine.symptomBronchial HyperreactivityAirwaybusinessTomography Spiral ComputedHumanmedicine.drugJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
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