Search results for " fungi"
showing 10 items of 277 documents
Acaulospora sieverdingii, an ecologically diverse new fungus in the Glomeromycota, described from lowland temperate Europe and tropical West Africa
2011
International audience; From a survey of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in agro-ecosystems in Central Europe and West Africa, an undescribed species of Acaulospora was recovered and is presented here under the epithet Acaulospora sieverdingii. Spores of A. sieverdingii are 60-80 mu m in diam, hyaline to subhyaline to rarely light yellow and have multiple pitted depressions on the outer spore wall similar to those known for A. alpina, A. cavernata, A. paulinae and A. scrobiculata. The pits in A. sieverdingii are tiny and often irregular and resemble small dots (0.8-1.8 mu m) or lines (0.5-1.2 x 1.8-2.5 mu m). Analyses of the ITS1, 5.8S subunit and ITS2 regions of the rDNA resolved each of…
Studies of root colonization by a microcosm community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi unsing nested PCR
1998
International audience
Biocontrol of Phelipanche ramosa, a parasitic weed of rapeseed in France, using soil-borne fungi
2021
National audience; Phelipanche ramosa is a major holoparasitic weed, which became a major agronomic problemfor rapeseed crops in France. Weed control in rapeseed does not have a direct impact on thisparasitic weed whose half of the reproductive cycle occurs on the root system of its host. Since1990, broomrape expanded its distribution area starting from the Poitou-Charentes region.Necrosis symptoms on broomrapes from this region should be indicators of potentialpathogenic fungi. Furthermore, these pathogenic fungi should be able to infest differentbroomrape stages. The aim of my thesis is to contribute to the evaluation of an integrated controlsolution for this parasitic weed and focus on t…
Defining gut mycobiota for wild animals: a need for caution in assigning authentic resident fungal taxa
2021
Animal gut mycobiota, the community of fungi that reside within the gastrointestinal tract, make an important contribution to host health. Accordingly, there is an emerging interest to quantify the gut mycobiota of wild animals. However, many studies of wild animal gut mycobiota do not distinguish between the fungi that likely can reside within animal gastrointestinal tracts from the fungal taxa that are non-residents, such as macrofungi, lichens or plant symbionts/pathogens that can be ingested as part of the host’s diet. Confounding the non-resident and resident gut fungi may obscure attempts to identify processes associated with the authentic, resident gut mycobiota per se. To redress th…
Efficacy of clove oil and ethanol against Saprolegnia sp. and usability as antifungal agents during incubation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (…
2013
Inhibitory concentrations of clove oil and ethanol against growth of Saprolegnia sp. hyphae were screened by a modification of the hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed MicroPlate (HeMP) method and their usability as antifungal agents during incubation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs was tested. In vitro experiment showed that in continuous static exposure, clove oil at 100 mg L−1 significantly inhibited the growth of Saprolegnia, whereas in bath exposures, clove oil at 500 mg L−1 had no significant effect at any exposure time tested (15, 60 and 240 min), but clove oil at 10 000 mg L−1 significantly inhibited growth at all exposure times. Clove oil and ethanol treatments had no visible e…
Extensions of known geographic distribution of aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) in Finland
2016
Article
Mycorrhizal symbiosis changes host nitrogen source use
2021
Abstract Purpose The ecological importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plant acquisition of inorganic and organic sources of nitrogen (N) is not clear. To improve understanding of the plant N nutrition ecology, we tested the effect of intraspecific competition and AMF in plant N source use in growth and N acquisition. Methods Solidago virgaurea was grown in microcosms in a fully factorial experiment under greenhouse conditions. The factors tested were intraspecific competition between seedlings and adult plants (yes, no), N source (NH4, glycine) and AMF (inoculated with Glomus hoi, not inoculated). Results When grown separately, non-mycorrhizal seedling growth was highest when …
Traits and phylogenies modulate the environmental responses of wood-inhabiting fungal communities across spatial scales
2022
Identifying the spatial scales at which community assembly processes operate is fundamental for gaining a mechanistic understanding of the drivers shaping ecological communities. In this study, we examined whether and how traits and phylogenetic relationships structure fungal community assembly across spatial scales. We applied joint species distribution modelling to a European-scale dataset on 215 wood-inhabiting fungal species, which includes data on traits, phylogeny and environmental variables measured at the local (log-level) and regional (site-level) scales. At the local scale, wood-inhabiting fungal communities were mostly structured by deadwood decay stage, and the trait and phyloge…
Dithiodiketopiperazine derivatives from endophytic fungi Trichoderma harzianum and Epicoccum nigrum
2021
A new epidithiodiketopiperazine (ETP), pretrichodermamide G (1), along with three known (epi)dithiodiketopiparazines (2-4) were isolated from cultures of Trichoderma harzianum and Epicoccum nigrum, endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants Zingiber officinale and Salix sp., respectively. The structure of the new compound (1) was established on the basis of spectroscopic data, including 1D/2D NMR and HRESIMS. The isolated compounds were investigated for their antifungal, antibacterial and cytotoxic potential against a panel of microorganisms and cell lines. Pretrichodermamide A (2) displayed antimicrobial activity towards the plant pathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis and the human path…
Fungal root endophyte associations of plants endemic to the Pamir Alay Mountains of Central Asia.
2011
The fungal root endophyte associations of 16 species from 12 families of plants endemic to the Pamir Alay Mountains of Central Asia are presented. The plants and soil samples were collected in Zeravshan and Hissar ranges within the central Pamir Alay mountain system. Colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was found in 15 plant species; in 8 species it was of the Arum type and in 4 of the Paris type, while 3 taxa revealed intermediate arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) morphology. AMF colonization was found to be absent only in Matthiola integrifolia, the representative of the Brassicaceae family. The AM status and morphology are reported for the first time for all the species analyzed a…