Search results for " grape"
showing 10 items of 104 documents
Identification of the VvFLS2 grapevine flagellin receptor by a functional genomics strategy
2012
Le goût moisi-terreux du vin : contribution à la caractérisation cinétique et métabolique des moisissures associées à ce défaut organoleptique
2011
Some microorganisms that co-exist on the grapevine may have beneficial effects on the quality of wine whereas others may be at the origin of organoleptic deviations. In the last decade, several mouldy or earthy odors have been highlighted in various wine regions from France. (-)-geosmin was found to be the major compound responsible for this deviation, along with Botrytis cinerea and fungi belonging to the genus Penicillium, since they were frequently isolated from “earthy-musty” odor grapes. The extent of damage on the quality of wines, motivated our study on the caracterisation of grape rot fungi. First of all, the microflora of grapes from Burgundy vineyards was identified (morphological…
Does leaf position influence induced resistance to grape downy mildew?
2013
National audience; We observed that protection against grape downy mildew achieved by resistance inducers was higher in the adult leaf than in the younger, not fully expanded leaf. Using sulfated laminarin as inducer, this difference of efficacy could be correlated to stronger defense reactions (i. e. H2O2, defense gene expression) in adult leaf as compared to the younger one. These findings should be taken into account in disease control strategies involving induced resistance.
Improving the Aromatic Profiles of Catarratto Wines: Impact of Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Glutathione-Rich Inactivated Yeasts
2023
Catarratto is one of the most widely cultivated grape varieties in Sicily. It is an indigenous non-aromatic white grape variety. Despite its widespread use in winemaking, knowledge of the aroma and chemical and microbiological properties of Catarratto wines is quite limited. The influence of Metschnikowia pulcherrima combined with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the aromatic expression of Catarratto wines was investigated with and without the addition of glutathione-rich inactivated yeast. The substance is a natural specific inactivated yeast with a guaranteed glutathione level used to limit oxidative processes. The aromatic profiles of the final wines were determined through analysis of the vo…
Respirometric Index and Biogas Potential of Different Foods and Agricultural Discarded Biomass
2016
The biological stability of biomass is an important parameter for treatment plant design, process control or compost use. Measuring the biological reactivity of waste with the help of indicators such as respirometric indexes (RI) becomes an important tool to prevent the significant environmental impact of biodegradable wastes in accordance with European legislation. The aim of this paper is to show the importance of the RI technique as a tool to establish further uses of biomass such as fertilizer or biogas. The respirometric process length for different types of biomass (grape marc, apple pomace and olive pomace) was quantified. Higher moisture content seemed to favor the biological activi…
EVOLUTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PROFILES FROM GRAPE TO WINE
2010
Aims: This study aimed at acquiring knowledge on the evolution of anthocyanins from grape to wine and the possibility of deducing the varietal origin of a wine from its anthocyanin profile. Methods and results: The anthocyanin “fingerprints”, or profiles, of a series of autochthonous Sicilian accessions and in the respective young wines were determined by HPLC-DAD in 2008. Data were evaluated by taking into account the development of percentages of side-ring disubstituted and trisubstituted anthocyanins, the ratio between acetylated and p-coumaroylated derivatives, and PCA results. From grape until the end of alcoholic fermentation, percentages of 3-glucosides of cyanidin, peonidin, delphin…
Green biotechnology for valorisation of residual biomasses in nutraceutic sector: Characterization and extraction of bioactive compounds from grape p…
2019
The grape pomace (GP) is an important by-product of winemaking, accounting for about 13-25% of the grapes processed. The aim of this work was to investigate the nutritional and antioxidant composition of GP obtained from Nero d’Avola (NA) grape, one of the most important indigenous varieties in Italy, in order to verify application in nutraceutics. Seeds and skin of the GP were studied for their nutritional and antioxidants composition, fatty acid and polyphenols profile, bioactives properties in vitro, by gravimetric, spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques. The results showed that NAGP seeds are rich in the beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids and that the polyphenols extracte…
Investigation of yeast community of “Grillo” grapes and musts from Marsala wine production area.
2009
The oenological interest in the autochthonous yeast applications has increased since they represents an important supplement to wine quality (Martinez et al. 1989; Moreno et al. 1991). Yeast populations harboured onto the surface of berries and in musts of “Grillo” grape variety were isolated and analyzed. In order to obtain a first blastomycetic mapping of Marsala wine production area, eight vineyards were chosen on the basis of different climatic and agronomic parameters, including altitude, exposure,vineyard age, grape biotype, grape cultivation system, vegetative vigour, pruning, green pruning, yield per plant, phytosanity state, irrigation and closeness to wood areas. Analysis of blast…
Giant reed as energy crop for Southern Italy: An economic feasibility study
2016
Abstract Among renewable sources giant reed has attracted a growing interest as energy crop especially in Southern Europe, thanks to its low agronomic input requirements. This paper aimed at evaluating the economic feasibility of introduction of giant reed plantation as energy crop in the Southern Italy. In particular, an economic and financial analysis was performed by comparing giant reed (both for woodchip and chopped forage production) with traditional crops (pluriannual and annual) that are currently cultivated in the same area, such as wine grape, melon and tomato. Results showed the highest profitability of giant reed respect to other crops with current market prices. In particular, …
Fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases in young vineyards in Sicily
2020
After the first report of grapevine decline caused by Botryosphaeriaceae in Sicily in 2007, epidemiological studies carried out in mature vineyards until 2011 confirmed the widespread occurrence of “Botryosphaeria dieback” and the “Esca complex” disease. Dieback symptoms were also recently observed in two young vineyards in Partanna and Castellammare del Golfo in western Sicily (Trapani province). Declining vines were inspected for grapevine trunk disease (GTD) symptoms, and were uprooted and submitted for analyses. Fungal isolates were collected and identified using culturing and molecular analyses. One isolate per identified species was inoculated to three grapevine shoots to evaluate pat…