Search results for " growth"
showing 10 items of 4263 documents
Nitrogen Availability Drives Mycorrhizal Effects on Wheat Growth, Nitrogen Uptake and Recovery under Salt Stress
2022
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is generally considered effective in improving salt tolerance in plants; however, the advantages it offers can vary greatly depending on the context in which it occurs; furthermore, the mechanisms underlying these responses are still unclear. A study was conducted to investigate the role of nitrogen (N) availability on the effectiveness of AM symbiosis in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) plants grown under salt stress. Plants were grown in pots in the absence or in presence of salt stress (soil electrical conductivity of 1.50 and 13.00 dS m−1, respectively), with or without AM fungi inoculation (Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae), …
Controlling the crystal growth of potassium iodide with a 1,1'-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-2,2'-biimidazole ligand (L) – formation of a linear [K4I4L4]n …
2018
The crystal growth of potassium iodide was controlled by using the neutral organic 1,1′-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-2,2′-biimidazole (L) ligand as a modifier. The selected modifier allows the preservation of original cubic [K4I4] units and their arrangement into a linear ligand-supported 1D chain. The supported [K4I4] cubes are only slightly distorted compared to the cubes found in pure KI salt. The N–K binding of the ligand to the KI salt, as well as weak I⋯H, N⋯H, and N⋯I interactions, stabilizes the structure to create a unique 1D polymer of neutral potassium iodide ionic salt inside the [K4I4L4]n complex.
Are Public Subsidies to Encourage Young Farmers Effective? Case Study of a First-Time Farm Set Up by a Young Female Farmer in the Valencian Region of…
2021
Generational renewal and the incorporation of women into the rural world are fundamental for the sustainability and modernisation of the agricultural sector. Hence the special government protection granted to the sector, which appears in both European legislation on rural issues and in the global strategy of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Rural Development Goals involving a commitment to measures aimed at helping young farmers to set up agricultural holdings and especially at encouraging women to engage in farm management. In the case of Spain, this is nothing new, given that Law 35/2011 on the Shared Ownership of Agricultural Holdings became a veritable revolution in terms of gender i…
Student engagement, truancy, and cynicism : a longitudinal study from primary school to upper secondary education
2021
Truancy in upper secondary education is a widespread problem, which contributes significantly to school dropout risk. However, the underlying mechanisms of truancy have remained unstudied. This longitudinal study of 1853 Finnish students examined how initial levels and changes in student engagement from primary (Grade 6) to lower secondary school (Grades 7 and 9) predicted truancy in upper secondary education, and whether cynicism (losing interest in school) mediated the relationship between engagement and truancy. Growth curve models showed that high engagement levels in primary school and increases in engagement over time predicted less truancy in upper secondary education. Cynicism media…
A black-box, general purpose quadratic self-consistent field code with and without Cholesky Decomposition of the two-electron integrals
2021
We present the implementation of a quadratically convergent self-consistent field (QCSCF) algorithm based on an adaptive trust-radius optimisation scheme for restricted open-shell Hartree���Fock (ROHF), restricted Hartree���Fock (RHF), and unrestricted Hartree���Fock (UHF) references. The algorithm can exploit Cholesky decomposition (CD) of the two-electron integrals to allow calculations on larger systems. The most important feature of the QCSCF code lies in its black-box nature ��� probably the most important quality desired by a generic user. As shown for pilot applications, it does not require one to tune the self-consistent field (SCF) parameters (damping, Pulay's DIIS, and other simil…
Review article: recommended reading list of early publications on atomic layer deposition - outcome of the "virtual Project on the History of ALD"
2017
Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a gas-phase thin film deposition technique based on repeated, self-terminating gas-solid reactions, has become the method of choice in semiconductor manufacturing and many other technological areas for depositing thin conformal inorganic material layers for various applications. ALD has been discovered and developed independently, at least twice, under different names: atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) and molecular layering. ALE, dating back to 1974 in Finland, has been commonly known as the origin of ALD, while work done since the 1960s in the Soviet Union under the name "molecular layering" (and sometimes other names) has remained much less known. The virtual proj…
Development of New Targeted Inulin Complex Nanoaggregates for siRNA Delivery in Antitumor Therapy.
2021
Here, a novel strategy of formulating efficient polymeric carriers based on the already described INU-IMI-DETA for gene material whose structural, functional, and biological properties can be modulated and improved was successfully investigated. In particular, two novel derivatives of INU-IMI-DETA graft copolymer were synthesized by chemical functionalisation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or polyethylenglycol (PEG), named INU-IMI-DETA-EGF and INU-IMI-DETA-PEG, respectively, in order to improve the performance of already described “inulin complex nanoaggregates” (ICONs). The latter were thus prepared by appropriately mixing the two copolymers, by varying each component from 0 to 100 wt%…
Management Simulator as an Instrument to Aid Turning “Stunted Growth” Round in Family Businesses
2008
This paper is the fourth in a series which has described the role and construction of simulation models and a ‘Management Flight Simulator’ that could aid the entrepreneur-owners of so-called ‘dwarf’ or ‘stunted growth’ small firms to break out from the constraints holding them back. While the research presented to date has highlighted the issues in such companies, and has suggested that in many situations relatively simple changes only might be needed to unleash the growth potential of such firms, effecting such changes is not likely to be that “simple” in real life. It has to be possible for affected owner-entrepreneurs to understand a number of factors: that there is a problem (or opport…
Bi-2212 and Y123 highly curved single-crystal-like objects: whiskers, bows and ring-like structures
2012
High-temperature superconducting objects of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 and Y Ba2Cu3O7 highly curved in the ab-plane, such as curved/kinked whiskers, bows and ring-like structures, were obtained within a solid?liquid?solid (SLS) grass-like growth mechanism. As-grown objects are crystals with three-dimensional epitaxy similar to conventional single crystals: they can be viewed as crystal parts ?cut? from a conventional rectangular crystal. Between our curved objects and conventional crystals, whiskers or thin films there are some differences in the superconducting properties induced only by the shape factors and no new physics is observed. Some details of the growth mechanism are discussed, emphasizing cu…
Incarcerated women, welfare services and the process of re-entering society in Finland
2020
The pathways in and out of crime differ according to gender, people’s life histories, social situations and networks. Before being sentenced, many women have been living in vulnerable and traumatic life situations and violent relationships. Substance abuse often plays a crucial role in committing crimes. Being released from prison and re-entering society is a process that requires women’s own motivation to desist along with help and support from society. This chapter shows how women narrate and describe their experiences after being released from prison and especially how they report the ways in which the welfare system responds to their needs. They discussed their needs for support and ser…