Search results for " inflammation."
showing 10 items of 623 documents
Anxiety, depression, chronic inflammation and aortic stiffness in Crohn's disease: the brain--gut--vascular axis.
2020
Background Patients with Crohn's disease have an increased aortic stiffness, a known cardiovascular risk factor. Anxiety, a key factor of the brain--gut axis in patients with Crohn's disease, is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease, and is linked with aortic stiffening in other clinical settings. Objectives Considering that depression is frequently linked to anxiety in Crohn's disease, we performed a mediation analysis to reveal the potential link between anxiety, depression and aortic stiffness in these patients. Methods Multicentre observational cross-sectional study of 86 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease and 86 matched control individuals. The connection…
Coronavirus disease 2019 in chronic kidney disease
2020
Abstract The clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia with respiratory failure and even death. More severe cases with higher mortality have been reported in older patients and in those with chronic illness such as hypertension, diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. In this regard, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher rate of all-type infections and cardiovascular disease than the general population. A markedly altered immune system and immunosuppressed state may predispose CKD patients to infectious complications. Likewise, they have a state of chronic systemic inflammation that may increase …
Increased leptin/leptin receptor pathway affects systemic and airway inflammation in COPD former smokers
2011
Andreina Bruno1, Marinella Alessi2, Simona Soresi2, Anna Bonanno1, Loredana Riccobono1, Angela Marina Montalbano1, Giusy Daniela Albano1, Mark Gjomarkaj1, Mirella Profita11Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Italian National Research Council, Palermo, Italy; 2Dipartimento Biomedico di Biomedicina Interna e Specialistica, University Palermo, ItalyBackground: Leptin, a hormone produced mainly by adipose tissue, regulates food intake and energy expenditure. It is involved in inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to the infection. The leptin receptor is expressed in the lung and in…
Diabetes mellitus, periapical inflammation and endodontic treatment outcome
2012
The possible connection between chronic oral inflammatory processes, such as apical periodontitis and periodontal disease (PD), and systemic health is one of the most interesting aspects faced by the medical and dental scientific community. Chronic apical periodontitis shares important characteristics with PD: 1) both are chronic infections of the oral cavity, 2) the Gram-negative anaerobic microbiota found in both diseases is comparable, and 3) in both infectious processes increased local levels of inflammatory mediators may have an impact on systemic levels. One of the systemic disorders linked to PD is diabetes mellitus (DM); is therefore plausible to assume that chronic apical periodont…
Magnesium and Type 2 Diabetes: An Update
2015
The link between magnesium (Mg) deficiency and type 2 diabetes mellitus is well known. Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with both extracellular and intracellular Mg deficits. A chronic latent Mg deficit or an overt clinical hypomagnesaemia is common in subjects with type 2 diabetes, especially in those with poorly controlled glycemic profiles. Insulin and glucose are important regulators of Mg metabolism. Intracellular Mg plays a key role in regulating insulin action, insulin-mediated-glucose-uptake and vascular tone. Reduced intracellular Mg concentrations result in a defective tyrosine-kinase activity, postreceptorial impairment in insulin action and worsening of insulin resistanc…
Inflammation and Aortic Stiffness: An Individual Participant Data Meta‐Analysis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
2017
Background The recent finding that aortic pulse wave velocity ( aPWV ) is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease may explain why the cardiovascular risk is increased despite the low prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We aimed to test whether inflammation is associated with aortic stiffening in this setting after adjustment for major confounders and to perform subgroup analyses. Methods and Results A systematic literature search for aPWV in inflammatory bowel disease was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases (last accessed May 7, 2017). Inclusion criterion was peer‐reviewed publications on clinical studies reporting o…
Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide: comparison of 3 different analyzers
2018
Exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is used as a surrogate marker to monitor airway inflammation. Aim of this study was to compare the new FeNO analyzer Vivatmo pro from Bosch (BV) with the Niox Vero from Circassia (CN) and the CLD from Ecomedics (EC). In 106 asthma patients (median age 54 years (range 20-87), 60 % female, median ACT of 16, 85 % on inhaled corticosteroids (mean 1300 μg BDP), 36 % on therapy with biologics) 2 FeNO measurements per patient and per device were performed using each analyzer in a random sequence according to the ATS / ERS guidelines. Additionally, the success rate to achieve a valid NO value was evaluated. 70 % of the patients had FeNO values In conclusion, for the rang…
Intravitreal dexamethasone implant for cystoid macular edema and inflammation after scleral buckling
2015
Purpose Cystoid macular edema may occur following scleral buckling and therefore deteriorate the visual outcome. Inflammation may be the major causative factor in the development of postoperative cystoid macular edema. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of a dexamethasone implant as a treatment after the onset of choroidal inflammation and cystoid macular edema 6 months following scleral buckling and having visual acuity restored. Methods A 59-year-old phakic woman treated with scleral buckling for macula-off retinal detachment presented 2 months after surgery with cystoid macular edema with choroidal inflammation. Optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography were performe…
015: Relation between platelet activation and inflammation indexes measured on admission and new onset atrial fibrillation in patients with acute myo…
2013
ObjectivePlatelet activation is present in atrial fibrillation (AF), but there is some debate whether this is due to AF itself and/or to underlying cardiovascular diseases. We aim to determine the association between a marker of platelet reactivity (mean platelet volume (MPV)) and systemic inflammation (CRP) measured on admission, and new onset episode of AF in patients with MI.Patients and methodsProspective cohort of 4994 consecutive patients with AMI. Patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF were excluded.Results426 (8.5%) patients were diagnosed with a new onset of AF during the in-hospital-stay (mean stay 3±2 days). These patients were older (75 vs 65, p<0.001), predominantly male, an…
Dentistry and internal medicine: from the focal infection theory to the periodontal medicine concept
2010
Abstract During past decades the relationship between dentistry and internal medicine and especially the concept of the so-called focal infection theory have long been a matter of debate. The pathogenesis of focal diseases has been classically attributed to dental pulp pathologies and periapical infections. Nonetheless, in recent years, their role is being dismissed while increasing interest is being devoted to the possible associations between periodontal infection and systemic diseases. In fact, periodontal pathogens and their products, as well as inflammatory mediators produced in periodontal tissues, might enter the bloodstream, causing systemic effects and/or contributing to systemic d…