Search results for " life science"
showing 10 items of 12151 documents
Role of odorant-binding proteins in Drosophila melanogaster chemosensory perception
2019
Chemoperception is used by animals to detect nutritive food and avoid toxic compounds. It also allows animals to identify suitable ecological niche and mating partners. Like many other insects, Drosophila melanogaster possesses a very sensitive chemosensory ability and can detect and discriminate a wide panel of semiochemicals. Chemosensory detection is mostly mediated by olfactory and gustatory systems involving several multigene chemoreceptor families. Volatile and non-volatile chemical compounds entering the sensory organ (sensillum) must be solubilized before being transported through the hydrophilic sensillum lymph bathing the dendrites of chemosensory neurons. These perireceptor event…
T@sty: a test for assessing taste sensitivity. Description, application example
2019
The aim of the poster is to present the T@styTM device and to give an example application through results obtained in an ongoing study. The advantages and limits of this device will be discussed. T@styTM device, usable for home testing, was designed to assess human ability to detect several tastants at low concentrations in order to provide individual profiles based on sensitivity to the five tastes (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami). Three test-sheets made of edible paper are used for each taste (three replicate measurements). Each test-sheet consists of six series of three precut discs (one “tasty disc” and two neutral discs) on which taste stimuli of different intensities were depos…
Flavour & saliva interaction – a brief overview
2015
Saliva is a highly complex body fluid composed of many proteins, peptides, small organic molecules and ions. Saliva is secreted at rest and during eating by major and minor salivary glands. Resting saliva is continuously bathing our oral cavity and as such stimulates our taste receptors playing thus a role in taste sensitivity against some active taste substances. Beside, during eating, foods are chewed and a significant level of stimulated saliva is rapidly incorporated in the bolus. This in-mouth phenomena impact on flavor release and thus perception through saliva-food physical interactions but also through the action of biological compounds (enzymes mainly) against the food matrix. Sali…
Taste perception: from molecule to eating behaviour
2020
The sense of taste has a role in human nutrition, it help to orient our food choices and avoid the ingestion of toxi compounds. Advances in molecular biology, cell biology an, biochemistry were used to identify and characterize the main taste receptors. The identification of these receptors allow a better understanding of the physiological processes tha govern taste perception. The presence of genetic polymorphisr in these receptors explains interindividual differences in tast perception.
Sensory testing in new product development: working with children
2015
Abstract This chapter aims at briefly reviewing applications of sensory descriptive testing methods with children, as well as their limits in relation to the cognitive development of children. Children’s sensory perceptions and preferences may differ from those of adults, which may make working directly with children a must for successful product development, at least at some stages of product development. However, most reported studies with children have characterized their preferences. Some studies have used discrimination tests and ranking tasks to gain knowledge about differences among products, or about sensory abilities development. A much smaller number of studies have involved child…
Effect of oil lamination between plasticized starch layers on film properties
2016
International audience; To reduce the hygroscopic character of biodegradable starch-based films, rapeseed oil was incorporated by lamination (starch-oil-starch 3-layers technique). The lipid lamination followed by starch solution casting step induced an emulsion type structure of dried films. Composite films are more opalescent and glossier than fatty free starch films. For all the films, structure is heterogeneous in the cross-section only. Adding fat induced a twice decrease of the tensile strength. Thermal gravimetry analysis did not show differences between films with and without oil. Lipid reduced the moisture absorption particularly at higher RH as well as the surface swelling index, …
Introduzione al volume Crescere/Svilupparsi
2020
Complessivamente 12 sono i saggi che compongono questa raccolta dedicata alla riflessione antica e moderna sulla crescita e sviluppo delle forme di vita. Ogni saggio rappresenta un vero e proprio viaggio che attraversa diverse regioni del sapere: i classici antichi, greci e latini, sono in effetti quantitativamente predominanti, e questo a ragione dei prevalenti interessi scientifici dei curatori, i quali però si sono ben guardati dall’isolare il ‘classico’ nella sua idiosincratica prospettiva ante litteram, ma hanno cercato e trovato la collaborazione con altri settori della ricerca scientifica. Il che si traduce nella partecipazione al progetto editoriale e scientifico anche di antropolog…
Education et complexité : recherche, formation, pratiques
2014
International audience; Cet ouvrage présente les actes du colloque « Education à la santé etcomplexité : Recherches, Formations et Pratiques » qui constituait le4ème colloque international d’UNIRéS, Réseau des universités pour l’éducationà la santé (E.S). Cette 4ème édition, qui a réuni près de 200 chercheurs,formateurs et praticiens, a été portée par la Commission Scientifique duRéseau UNIRéS, nouvellement créé en 2012.C’est à partir de la notion de complexité, dans son acception holistique,que nous avons invité les participants à mener une réflexion autour desquestions d’éducation et de santé, en mettant en exergue la complexité desliens qui se tissent entre éducation, santé et formation.…
Conception de systèmes agroécologiques à l'échelle d'un territoire : un exemple de co-construction d'un projet d'expérimentation
2014
Un workshop a réuni une centaine de personnes à Dijon, chercheurs, acteurs de la profession agricole et pouvoirs publics, autour du thème de la conception de systèmes agricoles agroécologiques à l’échelle d’un territoire. Les journées ont permis de faire le point sur les méthodes expérimentales à cette échelle, et sur les connaissances disponibles en agroécologie pour construire des protocoles expérimentaux.
Élaboration du premier référentiel territorial de la qualité microbiologique des sols afin de promouvoir la transition agroécologique
2021
National audience; Le sujet de thèse fait partie d’un projet de développement territorial, porté par Dijon Métropole,dont l’objectif est de développer un système alimentaire durable d’ici 2030 sur l’aire urbainede Dijon Métropole (3000 km2). Il s’inscrit dans l’une des actions du projet : l’action Sol Expertdont l’objectif est de développer un référentiel territorial de la qualité des sols afin de validerun diagnostic opérationnel pour accompagner la transition agroécologique. La question derecherche du sujet de thèse porte sur l’étude de l’effet des modes d’usage et des pratiquesassociées sur les communautés microbiennes telluriques et les services qu’elles fournissent.Des objectifs fondam…