Search results for " magnetic resonance imaging"
showing 10 items of 452 documents
Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment [Chapter 5. Neuroradiology of the Hearing System]
2019
Hearing loss is one of the most frequent indications for CT and MR examinations of the auditory system. Such a symptomatology is becoming increasingly common in today’s society and is extremely disturbing for patients. Causes may involve the auditory pathway at any level. In most cases, neuroradiological examinations represents a mandatory step, within a multidisciplinary workup, towards final diagnosis, therapeutic plan and subsequent follow-ups. This chapter will introduce this critical topic starting from an imaging-based exposition of the anatomy and function of the auditory system. The chapter will include some hints on the choice of the best imaging examination to perform on each pati…
Malignancy course of pituitary adenoma in MEN1 syndrome: Clinical-Neuroradiological signs
2020
Pituitary carcinomas (PCa) are extremely rare, indistinguishable from pituitary adenomas on histopathological grounds and have a poor prognosis. Most PCa start as PRL or ACTH secreting tumors in males, with relapsing invasive behaviour, refractoriness to medical and radiotherapy and increasing hormonal levels. The presence of distant metastases is still required for the diagnosis of PCa. The association with genetic endocrine diseases must be taken into account, since it adds further risk of evolution towards malignancy. Intradural spinal metastases have also been reported, so a complete craniospinal MR evaluation is recommended, when clinically indicated. We report a case of PCa, associate…
Role of LI-RADS Indeterminate Observations in the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after HCV Eradication with Direct-Acting Antivirals.
2022
Purpose: To assess whether HCC (LR-5) occurrence may be associated with the presence of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) indeterminate observations in patients with hepatitis C virus infection treated with direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Materials and methods: This retrospective study included patients with HCV-related cirrhosis who achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) after DAA therapy between 2015 and 2019 and submitted to CT/MRI follow-ups with a minimum interval time of six months before and after DAA. Two blinded readers reviewed CT/MRI to categorize observations according to LI-RADS version 2018. Differences in rate of LI-RADS 5 observations (i.e., LR-5)…
Brain Functional Effects of Psychopharmacological Treatment in Major Depression: A Focus on Neural Circuitry of Affective Processing
2015
In the last two decades, neuroimaging research has reached a much deeper understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of major depression (MD) and has converged on functional alterations in limbic and prefrontal neural networks, which are mainly linked to altered emotional processing observed in MD patients. To date, a considerable number of studies have sought to investigate how these neural networks change with pharmacological antidepressant treatment. In the current review, we therefore discuss results from a) pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigating the effects of selective serotonin or noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors on neural activation…
A Critical Review of Alien Limb-Related Phenomena and Implications for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies
2021
Consensus criteria on corticobasal degeneration (CBD) include alien limb (AL) phenomena. However, the gist of the behavioral features of AL is still “a matter of debate.” CBD-related AL has so far included the description of involuntary movements, frontal release phenomena (frontal AL), or asomatognosia (posterior or “real” AL). In this context, the most frequent symptoms are language and praxis deficits and cortical sensory misperception. However, asomatognosia requires, by definition, intact perception and cognition. Thus, to make a proper diagnosis of AL in the context of CBD, cognitive and language dysfunctions must be carefully verified and objectively assessed. We reviewed the current…
A functional MRI study of happy and sad emotions in music with and without lyrics
2011
Musical emotions, such as happiness and sadness, have been investigated using instrumental music devoid of linguistic content. However, pop and rock, the most common musical genres, utilize lyrics for conveying emotions. Using participants’ self-selected musical excerpts, we studied their behavior and brain responses to elucidate how lyrics interact with musical emotion processing, as reflected by emotion recognition and activation of limbic areas involved in affective experience. We extracted samples from subjects’ selections of sad and happy pieces and sorted them according to the presence of lyrics. Acoustic feature analysis showed that music with lyrics differed from music without lyric…
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
2017
Fusingin vivoandex vivoNMR sources of information for brain tumor classification
2011
In this study we classify short echo-time brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data by applying a model-based canonical correlation analyses algorithm and by using, as prior knowledge, multimodal sources of information coming from high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS), MRSI and magnetic resonance imaging. The potential and limitations of fusing in vivo and ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance sources to detect brain tumors is investigated. We present various modalities for multimodal data fusion, study the effect and the impact of using multimodal information for classifying MRSI brain glial tumors data and analyze which parameters influence the classification results…
Exploring Frequency-dependent Brain Networks from ongoing EEG using Spatial ICA during music listening
2019
AbstractRecently, exploring brain activity based on functional networks during naturalistic stimuli especially music and video represents an attractive challenge because of the low signal-to-noise ratio in collected brain data. Although most efforts focusing on exploring the listening brain have been made through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), sensor-level electro- or magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG) technique, little is known about how neural rhythms are involved in the brain network activity under naturalistic stimuli. This study exploited cortical oscillations through analysis of ongoing EEG and musical feature during free-listening to music. We used a data-driven method t…
Prediction error signal correlates with fluid intelligenceand dopamine synthesis across the lifespan
2011
IntroductionFluid intelligence expresses the capacity for interpretation of novel stimuli and flexible behavioral adaptation to such cues. Phasic dopamine firing closely matches a temporal difference prediction error (PE) signal important for learning and rapid behavioral adaptation. Both fluid intelligence and dopaminergic neurotransmission decline with age. So far, no study investigated the relationship between fluid IQ, PE signal and direct measures of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Here we used a multimodal imaging approach that combines positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsA group of healthy controls was investigated with both 6-[18F]FluoroDOPA…