Search results for " memory"

L'utilisation de la musique comme support de nouveaux apprentissages dans le vieillisement normal et la maladie d'Alzheimer

2012

This thesis research aims to test the potential of music as a mnemonic support for new learning in normal elderly and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) participants. Several studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of music on cognition in aging and dementia. At the same time, in young adults, the idea that music could serve as a mnemonic support is highly debated. Yet, very few studies addressed this question in aging or dementia. In the present work, we conduct two studies in a cohort of 8 mild Alzheimer’s disease and 7 matched control participants. The first study concerns verbal memory, and compares learning and different retention delays of lyrics (unknown texts) that are either spoken o…

Neuroprotective effects of behavioural training and nicotine on age-related deficits in spatial learning.

2006

Studies in humans and animals show a clear decline in spatial memory with age and several approaches have been adopted to alleviate this impairment. The purpose of our review is to assess the studies that have suggested the possible neuroprotective actions of behavioural training and nicotine-applied both independently and in conjunction-on age-related deficits in spatial learning. Both spatial pretraining and nonspatial experiences influence an animal's performance in spatial tasks. In aged rats, the experience of training in the water maze task increases the number of newly generated neurons in the hippocampus. The neuroprotective effects of nicotine have been demonstrated in both in-vitr…

B cells and immunosenescence: a focus on IgG+IgD-CD27- (DN) B cells in aged humans.

2010

Immunosenescence contributes to the decreased ability of the elderly to control infectious diseases, which is also reflected in their generally poor response to new antigens and vaccination. It is known that the T cell branch of the immune system is impaired in the elderly mainly due to expansion of memory/effector cells that renders the immune system less able to respond to new antigens. B lymphocytes are also impaired in the elderly in terms of their response to new antigens. In this paper we review recent work on B cell immunosenescence focusing our attention on memory B cells and a subset of memory B cells (namely IgG(+)IgD(-)CD27(-)) that we have demonstrated is increased in healthy el…

Is immunosenescence infectious?

2004

Abstract Herpes viruses are endemic. Once established, the virus is never eliminated but persists throughout life. The fraction of infected individuals gradually increases with age, such that the majority of elderly people are cytomegalovirus (CMV) + , Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + and Varicella + . Clinically relevant reactivation of Varicella causes painful shingles; CMV reactivation can cause fatal pneumonia. Overt reactivation, even in the very elderly, occurs only in immunocompromised individuals; however, the necessity for maintaining immunity to these viruses is costly. We argue that this cost is not only reflected in the requirement for continuous immunosurveillance against these virus…

Subjective Memory Complaints and Decision Making in Young and Older Adults: An Event-Related Potential Study

2021

Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) may affect decision-making processes. This study aimed to investigate the neuronal correlates of feedback processing during a decision-making task in young and older adults with and without SMCs. Event-related potentials and behavioral performance during the Iowa gambling task were recorded in a total of 136 participants (65 young adults, 71 older adults). The participants were divided into two groups according to their SMCs (with SMCs: n = 60, without SMCs: n = 76). Feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P3 were analyzed in the feedback stage of the decision-making process. Older adults with SMCs scored worse in the ambiguity phase than older adults witho…

36 Altered Prefrontal Cortex Responses in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints and Dementia During Dual-Task Gait: An Fnirs Study

2019

Abstract In this study, we investigated the effects of walking during single-task and dual-task gait (STG and DTG) conditions, on left prefrontal cortex (LPFC) activation in older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC) and Dementia. A total of 72 older adults (aged 65-94 yrs; 33 Healthy; 28 SMC; 11 Dementia) were recruited from the community and assisted living facilities. A portable 7m zeno walkway gait analysis mat was used to measure stride, velocity, length and duration during 4 passes of STG and DTG each. A portable single-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device (Portalite, Artinis Medical Systems) was placed over the LPFC to measure changes in oxyhaemoglob…

A low cortisol response to acute stress is related to worse basal memory performance in older people

2014

Age-related memory decline has been associated with a faulty regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the magnitude of the stress-induced cortisol increase is related to memory performance when memory is measured in non-stressful conditions. To do so, declarative and working memory performance were measured in 31 men and 35 women between 55 and 77 years of age. On a different day, the magnitude of their cortisol response to acute psychosocial stress was measured. The relationship between the cortisol response and memory performance was U shaped: a low cortisol response to stress was related to poorer declarative and w…

2021

The cell—cell signaling gene CDH13 is associated with a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and major depression. CDH13 regulates axonal outgrowth and synapse formation, substantiating its relevance for neurodevelopmental processes. Several studies support the influence of CDH13 on personality traits, behavior, and executive functions. However, evidence for functional effects of common gene variation in the CDH13 gene in humans is sparse. Therefore, we tested for association of a functional intronic CDH13 SNP rs2199430 with ADHD in a sample of 998 adult patients and 884 healthy controls. The Big Five personality tra…

Arithmetic Problems Formulation and Working Memory Load

1987

First, third, and fifth graders (French children in American-numbered grades) were asked to solve arithmetic problems in which an initial state was modified by two successive transformations. Three independent variables were manipulated systematically. First, the unknown state was either the final state (Sl) or the initial state (S2). Second, either the known state (01) or the transformations (02) appeared in the first place in the problem wording. Third, the question was either located at the end (Ql) or at the beginning (42) of the problem text. As anticipated, these modifications strongly affected the performances at every age: S1 appears clearly easier than S2; 0 1 leads to a better per…

Targeting Alzheimer’s disease with multimodal polypeptide-based nanoconjugates

2021

LRP1-targeted St-Cl–polyglutamate conjugates as multivalent neuroprotective/neurotrophic therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease.