Search results for " memory"
showing 10 items of 1351 documents
Best not to bet on the horserace: A comment on Forrin and MacLeod (2017) and a relevant stimulus-response compatibility view of colour-word contingen…
2018
International audience; One powerfully robust method for the study of human contingency learning is the colour-word contingency learning paradigm. In this task, participants respond to the print colour of neutral words, each of which is presented most often in one colour. The contingencies between words and colours are learned, as indicated by faster and more accurate responses when words are presented in their expected colour relative to an unexpected colour. In a recent report, Forrin and MacLeod (2017b, Memory & Cognition) asked to what extent this performance (i.e., response time) measure of learning might depend on the relative speed of processing of the word and the colour. With keypr…
Effect of Prime and Target Repetition on Lexical Decision Time
1992
On a prime-target lexical decision task we manipulated the relatedness between prime and target (semantically related or unrelated), the number of repetitions (from 1 to 5), the type of the repeated stimulus (only the prime, only the target, or both), and the stimulus onset asynchrony (within a range of automatic activation from 60 to 400 msec.) to find whether semantic and repetition priming are additive (or interact), and whether there is episodic priming in an automatic, nonconscious way. Analysis showed repetition and semantic priming were additive rather than interactive. No episodic automatic priming was found. Results are discussed in terms of the predictions made from the main theo…
Encoding into Visual Working Memory: Event-Related Brain Potentials Reflect Automatic Processing of Seemingly Redundant Information.
2013
Encoding and maintenance of information in visual working memory in an S1-S2 task with a 1500 ms retention phase were investigated by means of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Participants were asked to decide whether two visual stimuli were physically identical (identity comparison (IC) task) or belonged to the same set or category of equivalent patterns (category comparison (CC) task). The stimuli differ with regard to two features. (1) Each pattern can belong to a set of either four (ESS 4) or eight (ESS 8) equivalent patterns, mirroring differences in the complexity with regard to the representational structure of each pattern (i.e., equivalence set size (ESS)). (2) The set of pat…
Attention Switching and Multimedia Learning: The Impact of Executive Resources on the Integrative Comprehension of Texts and Pictures
2014
The ability to flexibly allocate attention to goal-relevant information is pivotal for the completion of high-level cognitive processes. For instance, in comprehending illustrated texts, the reader permanently has to switch the attentional focus between the text and the corresponding picture in order to extract relevant information from both sources. Thus, the hypothesis was tested that individuals with a lower switching capacity exhibit a decreased performance in tasks that require the flexible switch of attention between two external representations. Participants read an illustrated text and answered questions that either required the extraction of information from the text alone or from …
Reading Comprehension and Working Memory's Executive Processes: An Intervention Study in Primary School Students
2013
ABSTRA C T Reading comprehension is a highly demanding task that involves the simultaneous process of extracting and constructing meaning in which working memory’s executive processes play a crucial role. In this article, a training program on working memory’s executive processes to improve reading comprehension is presented and empirically tested in two experiments with third-grade primary school students. Experiment 1 showed a greater gain after training the experimental group in contrast to the control group in reading comprehension and intelligence. In experiment 2, we focused on the training processes and compared training results of high and low pretest reading comprehension groups. R…
Comparison of implementations of the lattice-Boltzmann method
2008
AbstractSimplicity of coding is usually an appealing feature of the lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM). Conventional implementations of LBM are often based on the two-lattice or the two-step algorithm, which however suffer from high memory consumption and poor computational performance, respectively. The aim of this work was to identify implementations of LBM that would achieve high computational performance with low memory consumption. Effects of memory addressing schemes were investigated in particular. Data layouts for velocity distribution values were also considered, and they were found to be related to computational performance. A novel bundle data layout was therefore introduced. Address…
Moving Learning Machine Towards Fast Real-Time Applications: A High-Speed FPGA-based Implementation of the OS-ELM Training Algorithm
2018
Currently, there are some emerging online learning applications handling data streams in real-time. The On-line Sequential Extreme Learning Machine (OS-ELM) has been successfully used in real-time condition prediction applications because of its good generalization performance at an extreme learning speed, but the number of trainings by a second (training frequency) achieved in these continuous learning applications has to be further reduced. This paper proposes a performance-optimized implementation of the OS-ELM training algorithm when it is applied to real-time applications. In this case, the natural way of feeding the training of the neural network is one-by-one, i.e., training the neur…
Analyzing the performance of a cluster-based architecture for immersive visualization systems
2008
Cluster computing has become an essential issue for designing immersive visualization systems. This paradigm employs scalable clusters of commodity computers with much lower costs than would be possible with the high-end, shared memory computers that have been traditionally used for virtual reality purposes. This change in the design of virtual reality systems has caused some development environments oriented toward shared memory computing to require modifications to their internal architectures in order to support cluster computing. This is the case of VR Juggler, which is considered one of the most important virtual reality application development frameworks based on open source code. Thi…
Kernel manifold alignment for domain adaptation
2016
The wealth of sensory data coming from different modalities has opened numerous opportu- nities for data analysis. The data are of increasing volume, complexity and dimensionality, thus calling for new methodological innovations towards multimodal data processing. How- ever, multimodal architectures must rely on models able to adapt to changes in the data dis- tribution. Differences in the density functions can be due to changes in acquisition conditions (pose, illumination), sensors characteristics (number of channels, resolution) or different views (e.g. street level vs. aerial views of a same building). We call these different acquisition modes domains, and refer to the adaptation proble…
Introducing implicit learning: from the laboratory to the real life
2010
The dissociation between implicit and explicit cognition has a long history in psychology. As early as 1920, Clark Hull (25) investigated the learning of Chinese ideographs and identified the process of concept formation by abstraction of common elements, a process that occurs without explicit knowledge from the subjects of these regularities. Perceptual learning is another example of those processes that take place largely in the absence of awareness of the rules that govern the stimulations of the environment. Helmholtz (24) was one of the first to refer to implicit inference made by the perceptual system and to perceptual learning. Some years later, the distinction between implicit and e…