Search results for " meta-analysis."
showing 10 items of 165 documents
Low-Dose Aspirin Use and Cognitive Function in Older Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
2017
Objectives:\ud \ud To investigate whether low-dose aspirin (<300 mg/d) can influence the onset of cognitive impairment or dementia in observational studies and improve cognitive test scores in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in participants without dementia.\ud \ud Design:\ud \ud Systematic review and meta-analysis.\ud \ud Setting:\ud \ud Observational and interventional studies.\ud \ud Participants:\ud \ud Individuals with no dementia or cognitive impairment initially.\ud \ud Measurements:\ud \ud Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for the maximum number of covariates from each study, were used to summarize data on the incidence of dementia and cognitive impa…
What grafting materials produce greater alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction? A systematic review and network meta-analysis
2021
Abstract A systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted to compare different bone-substitute materials used for alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction. The electronic search was carried out on Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, and grey literature up to March 22, 2020 (registration number INPLASY202030005). Only randomized controlled trials were included to answer the following PICOS question: ‘What grafting materials produce greater alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction?’ The primary outcomes were the alveolar width resorption 1 mm below the alveolar crest and buccal height resorption in millimeters. Of the 4379 studies i…
INFLUENCE OF HIV INFECTION AND ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON AORTIC STIFFNESS: A META-ANALYSIS.
2018
INTRODUCTION: A growing body of evidence indicates that risk of CV events is higher in HIV-infected patients (HIV?) when compared to HIV-uninfected persons (HIV-). This enhanced risk may in part be mediated through preclinical CV damage. Large artery stiffness, a well-documented marker of arterial damage and predictor of adverse CV prognosis, is usually assessed by measuring aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV). Several studies examined arterial stiffness in HIV? with inconsistent results. In a previous meta-analysis, showing increased arterial stiffness in HIV? than in HIV- subjects, studies assessing aortic and peripheral PWV were pooled together. This may be misleading, because only the form…
The Relationship Between Internalized Homophobia and Intimate Partner Violence in Same-Sex Relationships: A Meta-Analysis
2018
A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between internalized homophobia and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization in same-sex relationships. The literature search and the application of the inclusion criteria made it possible to identify 10 studies, 2 of which were excluded due to missing data. Therefore, eight studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. The results showed positive and statistically significant associations between internalized homophobia and IPV perpetration and victimization, indicating that higher levels of internalized homophobia were related to higher levels of IPV. Specifically, the pooled effect size for the relat…
Factors Associated With Loneliness: An Umbrella Review Of Observational Studies.
2020
Background: Evidence provides inconsistent findings on risk factors and health outcomes associated with loneliness. The aim of this work was to grade the evidence on risk factors and health outcomes associated with loneliness, using an umbrella review approach. Methods: For each meta-analytic association, random-effects summary effect size, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), heterogeneity, evidence for small-study effect, excess significance bias and 95% prediction intervals were calculated, and used to grade significant evidence (p<0.05) from convincing to weak. For narrative systematic reviews, findings were reported descriptively. Results: From 210 studies initially evaluated, 14 publica…
Information management and complementary alternative medicine: the anatomy of information about CAMs through PubMed
2013
In recent years, there has been a growing interest about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and the use of CAM interventions has become more common among people. For these reasons, health professionals must be able to effectively manage information in this field of knowledge according to an evidence-based point of view. This study assessed the anatomy of the available information about CAMs using PubMed, to give practical instructions to manage information in this field. We also analyzed the anatomy of information according to each alternative medicine branch, narrow and broad search methods, subset filters for indexed-for-Medline and non-indexed citations, and different publicat…
Serum leptin level as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in infectious diseases and sepsis: A comprehensive literature review.
2021
Abstract Background: Infections and sepsis are common causes of morbidity and mortality, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Leptin is involved in the inflammatory process and may modulate the cytokine production, immune cell proliferation and endothelial function. There are conflicting results regarding alterations of leptin levels in infectious diseases and the outcome from sepsis. The aim of the current article is to provide an overview of the medical literature on the correlations between variations of leptin levels and infectious diseases and sepsis. Methods: We performed an extensive literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using keywords to identify articles rela…
Survival time and differences between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease following diagnosis: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.
2019
Objective: To synthesize the evidence across longitudinal studies comparing survival in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing survival in clinically diagnosed DLB to AD. Longitudinal cohort studies were identified through a systematic search of major electronic databases from inception to May 2018. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate survival time and relative risk of death. Results: Overall, 11 studies were identified including 22,952 patients with dementia: 2029 with DLB (mean diagnosis age 76.3; 47% female) compared with 20,923 with AD (mean diagnosis age 77.2; 6…
International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways
2015
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined<5 × 10−8) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine–cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist.
Effect of pharmacological interventions and placebo on liver Histology in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A network meta-analysis
2022
Background: The aims of this study were to quantify the histological improvement and its risk factors in patients with NASH enrolled in the placebo arms of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and to indirectly compare the effect of several investigational drugs for NASH on validated histological outcomes.Data synthesis: A comprehensive search was conducted to detect phase 2 and 3 RCTs comparing pharmacological interventions in patients with NASH. According to Food and Drug Administra-tion (FDA) recommendations, primary outcomes included: 1) NASH resolution without wors-ening of fibrosis; 2) At least 1-point reduction in fibrosis without worsening of NASH. Meta -analysis and meta-regression…