Search results for " miRNAs"

Dicer and drosha expression and response to bevacizumab-based therapy in advanced colorectal cancer patients.

2013

PURPOSE: The miRNA-regulating enzymes Dicer and Drosha exhibit aberrant expression in several cancer types. Dicer and Drosha play a crucial role during the angiogenetic process in vitro and, for Dicer, in vivo. We aimed to investigate the potential role of Dicer and Drosha in predicting response to Bevacizumab-based therapy in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS: Dicer and Drosha mRNA levels were analysed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from patients affected by advanced CRC treated with or without Bevacizumab-containing regimens (n=116 and n=50, respectively) and from patients with diverticulosis as control group (n=20). The experimental data were obtained usin…

Micro-RNA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Predictive/prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets?

2015

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a tumor with a poor prognosis, short overall survival and few chemotherapeutic choices. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding, single-stranded RNAs of around 22 nucleotides involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and metastasis. They have been studied in many tumors in order to identify potential diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic targets. In the current literature, many studies have analyzed the role of miRNAs in PDAC. In fact, the absence of appropriate biomarkers, the difficultly of early detection of this tumor, and the lack of effective chemotherapy in patients with unresectable disease have focused attention on miRNAs as new, i…

Combined Stress Conditions in Melon Induce Non-additive Effects in the Core miRNA Regulatory Network

2021

Climate change has been associated with a higher incidence of combined adverse environmental conditions that can promote a significant decrease in crop productivity. However, knowledge on how a combination of stresses might affect plant development is still scarce. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as potential targets for improving crop productivity. Here, we have combined deep-sequencing, computational characterization of responsive miRNAs and validation of their regulatory role in a comprehensive analysis of response of melon to several combinations of four stresses (cold, salinity, short day, and infection with a fungus). Twenty-two miRNA families responding to double and/or triple …

Analysis of MSCs' secretome and EVs cargo: Evaluation of functions and applications

2022

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can exert different functions and can be used in several medical fields. In the last years, MSC properties have been attributed to their secreted factors such as soluble proteins, cytokines and growth factors. Moreover, a key role is played by the extracellular vesicles (EVs) which lead a heterogeneous cargo of proteins, lipids and small and long non-coding RNAs that interfere with the pathways of the recipient cells. Due to the safeness and easiness in obtaining the secretome, its use is becoming a turning point for the application in physiological and pathological fields. This review summarizes the most recent studies on the use of MSCs secretome, focusing on…

Early detection of lung cancer in exhaled breath condensate using miRNA markers

2015

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer worldwide. Since 5-year survival rate increases significantly when lung cancer is diagnosed at early stages, the development of accurate non-invasive biomarkers for early lung cancer diagnosis is of utmost importance. Over the last years, several tumour biomarkers based on microRNAs (miRNAs) determined in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) have been evaluated and could be applied to early diagnosis of lung cancer. Rationale: miRNA signatures for surgical specimens of lung cancer have been determined providing a panel of differentially expressed miRNAs that were able to discriminate lung cancer patients from normal subjects. Using …

Circulating miRNAs in Successful and Unsuccessful Aging. A Mini-review

2019

Aging is a multifactorial process that affects the organisms at genetic, molecular and cellular levels. This process modifies several tissues with a negative impact on cells physiology, tissues and organs functionality, altering their regeneration capacity. The chronic low-grade inflammation typical of aging, defined as inflammaging, is a common biological factor responsible for the decline and beginning of the disease in age. A murine parabiosis model that combines the vascular system of old and young animals, suggests that soluble factors released by young individuals may improve the regenerative potential of old tissue. Therefore, circulating factors have a key role in the induction of …

The role of microRNAs in cancer: diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and targets of therapies

2012

Introduction: miRNAs are noncoding RNAs that target specific mRNA with subsequent regulation of particular genes, implicated in various biological processes. In cancer, miRNAs could show a different expression from normal tissues. miRNAs have a role as oncogenes when they target tumor suppressor genes and similarly they are tumor suppressors when they target oncogenes. Areas covered: In this review, areas covered include the role of miRNAs in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and research for achievement of therapeutic strategies implicating miRNAs in oncology. As biogenesis of miRNAs is fundamental to understand their usefulness, this has also been discussed. Both miRNA expression profiles in ca…

Exploring the miRNA-mediated response to combined stresses in melon plants

2021

AbstractClimate change has been associated with a higher incidence of combined adverse environmental conditions that can promote a significant decrease in crop productivity. However, knowledge on how a combination of stresses might affect plant development is still scarce. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as potential targets for improving crop-productivity. Here, we have combined deep-sequencing, computational characterization of responsive miRNAs and validation of their regulatory role in a comprehensive analysis of melon’s response to several combinations of four stresses (cold, salinity, short day, and infection with a fungus). Twenty-two miRNA families responding to double and/or …

P2.01-017 Circulating miRNAs in Lung Cancer Are Associated to Pro-Tumorigenic and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

2017

The role of microRNAs in driving EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC cell lines

2016

Background: the inhibition of EGFR kinase activity by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib, can result in improved response and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients harboring sensitizing exon 19del and exon 21 L858R mutations. Unfortunately, almost all patients will develop resistance to EGFR-TKI, in particular T790M is the most frequent mutation. Nowadays, new methods are urgently needed for a rapid, cost-effective and non-invasive identification of biomarkers as a valuable tool for obtaining the genetic follow-up data during the course of the disease. Circulating microRNAs might represent a new precious biomarker for patients’ moni…