Search results for " mill"
showing 10 items of 274 documents
Considerations regarding the use of technological equipment for indexed and continuous multi-axes machining
2017
CNC machine-tools are becoming more and more complex, with regards of kinematic capabilities, driving systems, HMI interfaces and controllers. Consequently, the prices of these machines are also increasing, being directly linked with the machine characteristics. Multi-axes kinematic is nowadays seen as the possibility of controlling the motion of the machine elements not only on translational axes, but also on rotational ones. There are mainly two types of CNC milling machines with multi-axes kinematic: indexed 3+1 and/or 3+2 axes and continuous 4 and/or 5 axes machines. This work will present some aspects regarding indexed multi-axis and continuous multi-axes machining.
CNC Milling Machine Simulation in Engineering Education
2012
In this work an effective simulator for a CNC milling machine is presented. It has been developed in EMC2, a free Opens Source NC software running in Linux environment, developed by an international community. It can be installed on a common PC and is able to: control a CNC machine; read part programs; display the tool path; send instructions to the CNC machine for the cutting process. In this work a new feature has been implemented, which can both display a 3D model of the machine and simulate all the motions of the movable parts of a real 3 axis end milling machine. This simulator lets the users not only verify the toolpath but also detect any possible collision by using the very computer…
Determination of Technological Forces in the Incremental Forming Process
2013
The paper presents a joint theoretical and experimental approach to determine the technological forces within the asymmetric single point incremental forming ASPIF process, based upon a theoretical model, image processing and data acquisition. The first step of this approach was to develop a theoretical model of the forces within the process, based upon the model of a mechanical feed drive of a CNC milling machine. By means of this model, relationships between the resistant torque at the motor spindle level and the technological force on the movement axis could be determined. Using an image processing method, which allowed the user to extract information within the machines operator panel a…
Researches regarding the reducing of burr size by optimising the cutting parameters on a CNC milling machine
2017
This paper presents some experimental researches regarding burrs dimensions reduction that appear after the milling process together with an approach to reduce or eliminate the burrs resulted after this process. In order to reduce burrs dimensions, the milling process was executed with different cutting parameters and strategies then the results were evaluated.
Solid acid-catalyzed depolymerization of barley straw driven by ball milling
2015
This study describes a time and energy saving, solvent-free procedure for the conversion of lignocellulosic barley straw into reducing sugars by mechanocatalytical pretreatment. The catalytic conversion efficiency of several solid acids was tested which revealed oxalic acid dihydrate as a potential catalyst with high conversion rate. Samples were mechanically treated by ball milling and subsequently hydrolyzed at different temperatures. The parameters of the mechanical treatment were optimized in order to obtain sufficient amount of total reducing sugar (TRS) which was determined following the DNS assay. Additionally, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometr…
The use of fish bile metabolite analyses as exposure biomarkers to pulp and paper mill effluents
1998
The exposure of caged one-year-old whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) to wood extractives and chlorophenolics from pulp and paper mill effluents in Lake Saimaa (SE Finland) was investigated. Whitefish were exposed at 17 locations affected by effluents from pulp and paper mills and at 5 reference areas. Resin and fatty acids and chlorophenolics in bile were analysed by GC and GC-MS. Cholesterol concentration in bile was also measured. Results show that despite of process changes to ECF and waste water treatment improvements employed by the pulp and paper industry in the study area, it is still possible to detect elevated concentrations of these substances in the bile of fish exposed in the vici…
Wastewater treatment and reclamation : A review of pulp and paper industry practices and opportunities
2016
The pulp and paper (P&P) industry worldwide has achieved substantial progress in treating both process water and wastewater, thus limiting the discharge of pollutants to receiving waters. This review covers a variety of wastewater treatment methods, which provide P&P companies with cost-effective ways to limit the release of biological or chemical oxygen demand, toxicity, solids, color, and other indicators of pollutant load. Conventional wastewater treatment systems, often comprising primary clarification followed by activated sludge processes, have been widely implemented in the P&P industry. Higher levels of pollutant removal can be achieved by supplementary treatments, which…
Pilot-scale comparison of thermophilic aerobic suspended carrier biofilm process and activated sludge process in pulp and paper mill effluent treatme…
2004
Thermophilic aerobic treatment of settled pulp and paper mill effluent was studied under mill premises with two comparative pilot processes; suspended carrier biofilm process (SCBP) and activated sludge process (ASP). Full-scale mesophilic activated sludge process was a reference treatment. During the runs (61 days) hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were kept 13 ± 5 h and 16 ± 6 h for SCBP and ASP, respectively. Corresponding volumetric loadings rates (VLR) were 2.7 ± 0.9 and 2.2 ± 1.0 kg CODfilt m-3d-1. Temperatures varied between 46 to 60°C in both processes. Mesophilic ASP was operated with HRT of 36 h, corresponding VLR of 0.7 kg CODfilt m-3d-1. Both SCBP and ASP achieved CODfilt (GF/A f…
Chlorinated phenolic compounds in coniferous needles. Effects of metal and paper industry and incineration
1997
Abstract Pine needles were analyzed for their contents of chlorinated phenolic compounds. Altogether about 30 samples from surroundings of a metal scrap plant, a pulp and paper mill, a hazardous waste incinerator and reference samples outside of the immediate influence of these were analyzed by GC/ECD and GC/MS. Most phenolic compounds in the needles were found to be bound to the plant material and were not extractable as such by organic solvents. The concentrations of some bound chlorinated phenolic compounds were on level of 1–300 ng/g in dried needle. For many compounds the concentrations were remarkably higher in the three years old needles compared to the concentrations in the one and …
PCDDs, PCDFs, PCDTs, PCBs and some other organochlorine compounds in pine needles exposed to pulp and paper mill emissions and effects of waste combu…
1997
Concentrations of semivolatile chlorinated organic compounds α-HCH, lindane, HCB, DDT, DDE, DDD, chlordanes and PCBs, and low-volatility compounds PCDDs, PCDFs and PCDTs in pine needles in a recipient area of the emissions from a pulp and paper mill where also waste combustion was done were measured. Mostly, the concentrations were found to be near the background levels. Elevated concentrations of HCB, some PCB congeners and some HxCDF isomers in samples from two sampling points were observed. Some other possible point sources of these compounds are situated in the vicinity of the pulp and paper mill.. Also the community of Pietarsaari is one possible source of the slightly elevated concent…