Search results for " modeling"
showing 10 items of 2411 documents
Change and stability of sense of coherence in adulthood: Longitudinal evidence from the Healthy Child study
2007
Abstract The main aim of this three-wave 35-year follow-up study among Finnish employees ( n = 532) was to investigate whether Sense of Coherence (SOC) is more stable among those with high SOC compared to those with low SOC, as hypothesized by Antonovsky [Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health: how people manage stress and stay well. San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass], using two measurement points over 13 years. The participants were first studied in adolescence in 1961–1963, after which they responded to two postal questionnaires measuring SOC, first in 1985, and again in 1998. The results of the Factor Mixture Modeling identified two groups of individuals with different…
Analysis of Prey Composition in Eurasian Reed Warblers' Acrocephalus scirpaceus Droppings at Four Breeding Sites in Italy
2022
Our aim was to investigate the among-populations diversity of prey composition in Eurasian Reed Warblers’ diets via their droppings, both to assess the ecological validity of this sampling method and to test whether the prey species most abundant in fecal samples were also the most present in the Italian study site. We collected fecal samples at four sites throughout Italy, for a total of 144 samples. Within reedbeds, the breeding habitat of the Eurasian Reed Warbler, we also collected arthropods by carrying out entomological sweepings at one of the study sites. Within the fecal samples, we identified dozens of prey species, belonging mainly to Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and …
Self-Efficacy Between Previous and Current Mathematics Performance of Undergraduate Students: An Instrumental Variable Approach to Exposing a Causal …
2021
PurposeSelf-efficacy has been argued theoretically and shown empirically to be an essential construct for students’ improved learning outcomes. However, there is a dearth of studies on its causal effects on performance in mathematics among university students. Meanwhile, it will be erroneous to assume that results from other fields of studies generalize to mathematics learning due to the task-specificity of the construct. As such, attempts are made in the present study to provide evidence for a causal relationship between self-efficacy and performance with a focus on engineering students following a mathematics course at a Norwegian university.MethodThe adopted research design in the presen…
From Particle Systems to Partial Differential Equations International Conference, Particle Systems and PDEs VI, VII and VIII, 2017-2019
2021
This book includes the joint proceedings of the International Conference on Particle Systems and PDEs VI, VII and VIII. Particle Systems and PDEs VI was held in Nice, France, in November/December 2017, Particle Systems and PDEs VII was held in Palermo, Italy, in November 2018, and Particle Systems and PDEs VIII was held in Lisbon, Portugal, in December 2019. Most of the papers are dealing with mathematical problems motivated by different applications in physics, engineering, economics, chemistry and biology. They illustrate methods and topics in the study of particle systems and PDEs and their relation. The book is recommended to probabilists, analysts and to those mathematicians in general…
An Efficient Implementation of Parallel Parametric HRTF Models for Binaural Sound Synthesis in Mobile Multimedia
2020
The extended use of mobile multimedia devices in applications like gaming, 3D video and audio reproduction, immersive teleconferencing, or virtual and augmented reality, is demanding efficient algorithms and methodologies. All these applications require real-time spatial audio engines with the capability of dealing with intensive signal processing operations while facing a number of constraints related to computational cost, latency and energy consumption. Most mobile multimedia devices include a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) that is primarily used to accelerate video processing tasks, providing high computational capabilities due to its inherent parallel architecture. This paper describes…
Modeling of intracellular transport in realistic cell geometries
2018
The transport of molecules inside cells is a complex process, the characterization of which is important to gain full understanding of cellular processes. Understanding of intracellular transport is also important for medical applications, for example when analyzing transport of medicine inside cells. The intracellular environment is very complex, and at least the most crucial parts of this complexity must be accounted for to solve transport problems in cells. In this thesis the results of studies in modeling intracellular transport are presented. The aim of the work was to model intracellular transport of proteins and viral capsids in realistic cell environments. To this end, microscopic m…
A Bayesian stable isotope mixing model for coping with multiple isotopes, multiple trophic steps and small sample sizes
2022
We introduce a Bayesian stable isotope mixing model for estimating the relative contributions of different dietary components to the tissues of consumers within food webs. The model is implemented with the probabilistic programming language Stan. The model incorporates isotopes of multiple elements (e.g. C, N, H) for two trophic levels, when the structure of the food web is known. In addition, the model allows inclusion of latent trophic levels (i.e. for which no empirical data are available) intermediate between sources and measured consumers. Running the model in simulations driven by a real dataset from Finnish lakes, we tested the sensitivity of the posterior distributions by altering c…
The role of daily autonomous and controlled educational goals in students’ academic emotion states: An experience sampling method approach
2018
The present study examines antecedents of university students' academic emotions (Pekrun, Goetz, Titz, & Perry, 2002) in the context of self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000), using realtime assessment and intra-individual analyses. We investigated whether daily autonomous and controlled-motivated educational goals predicted students' academic emotions. University students (N = 55) completed smartphone diaries over 14 consecutive days. The two-week intensive longitudinal data were organized in a hierarchical three-level structure, with situations (Level 1) nested within days (Level 2) nested within students (Level 3). Students' goal motivation was assessed in morning quest…
KLUM@GTAP: Introducing biophysical aspects of land-use decisions into a general equilibrium model: A coupling experiment
2006
In this paper the global agricultural land use model KLUM is coupled to an extended version of the computable general equilibrium model (CGE) GTAP in order to consistently assess the integrated impacts of climate change on global cropland allocation and its implication for economic development. The methodology is innovative as it introduces dynamic economic land-use decisions based also on the biophysical aspects of land into a state-of-the-art CGE; it further allows the projection of resulting changes in cropland patterns on a spatially more explicit level. A convergence test and illustrative future simulations underpin the robustness and potentials of the coupled system. Reference simulat…
Social capital and political participation
2010
This paper analyzes the determinants of social capital, as generalized trust, from a microeconomic perspective. We review previous results at the aggregate level and test their significance in our setup. Specifically we aim at testing the role of political participation and the quality of institutions. The empirical work relies on microeconomic data from the 2008 wave of the European Social Survey, including 21 European countries and roughly 41,000 observations on a wide set of socio-economic and political variables. Preliminary results underline the role of political participation in the accumulation of generalized trust, while data are consistent with institutional quality being a consequ…