Search results for " mouse"

Innate Sensing by Mesenchymal TLR4/MyD88 Signals Promotes Spontaneous Intestinal Tumorigenesis

2018

MyD88, an adaptor molecule downstream of innate pathways, plays a significant tumor-promoting role in sporadic intestinal carcinogenesis, which is dependent on its function in the stroma. Here, we show that deletion of MyD88 in intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs) significantly reduces Apc-mediated intestinal tumorigenesis. This phenotype is associated with decreased epithelial cell proliferation, altered inflammatory and tumorigenic immune cell infiltration, and modified gene expression similar to complete MyD88 knockout mice. Genetic deletion of TLR4, but not IL1R, in IMCs led to altered molecular profiles and reduction of intestinal tumors similar to the MyD88 deficiency. Ex vivo analysis…

On the origin and systematics of the northern African wood mouse (<i>Apodemus sylvaticus</i>) populations: a comparative study of mtDNA r…

2001

Conflicting hypotheses have been formulated regarding the origin of wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) populations in northern Africa. In this study, the mtDNA restriction patterns of mice (n = 28) collected in Tunisia and Morocco are compared with those of representatives from southern Europe (n = 102). The neighbour-joining tree confirms the existence of the three lineages previously found in the Mediterranean area: western, Tyrrhenian–Balkan, and Sicilian. The western group is isolated from the two others, with bootstrap values of 89 and 95%. Northern African patterns are included in the western group. Their variability is low, the same pattern being shared by five Tunisian and all Morocca…

Cutting Edge: IL-23 Cross-Regulates IL-12 Production in T Cell-Dependent Experimental Colitis

2006

Abstract Although IL-12 and IL-23 share the common p40 subunit, IL-23, rather than IL-12, seems to drive the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and arthritis, because IL-23/p19 knockout mice are protected from disease. In contrast, we describe in this study that newly created LacZ knockin mice deficient for IL-23 p19 were highly susceptible for the development of experimental T cell-mediated TNBS colitis and showed even more severe colitis than wild-type mice by endoscopic and histologic criteria. Subsequent studies revealed that dendritic cells from p19-deficient mice produce elevated levels of IL-12, and that IL-23 down-regulates IL-12 expression upon TLR ligation. …

Development of spontaneous airway changes consistent with human asthma in mice lacking T-bet.

2002

Human asthma is associated with airway infiltration by T helper 2 (TH2) lymphocytes. We observed reduced expression of the TH1 transcription factor, T-bet, in T cells from airways of patients with asthma compared with that in T cells from airways of nonasthmatic patients, suggesting that loss of T-bet might be associated with asthma. Mice with a targeted deletion of the T-bet gene and severe combined immunodeficient mice receiving CD4+cells from T-bet knockout mice spontaneously demonstrated multiple physiological and inflammatory features characteristic of asthma. Thus, T-bet deficiency, in the absence of allergen exposure, induces a murine phenotype reminiscent of both acute and chronic h…

Erythropoietin mediates tissue protection through an erythropoietin and common beta-subunit heteroreceptor

2004

The cytokine erythropoietin (Epo) is tissue-protective in preclinical models of ischemic, traumatic, toxic, and inflammatory injuries. We have recently characterized Epo derivatives that do not bind to the Epo receptor (EpoR) yet are tissue-protective. For example, carbamylated Epo (CEpo) does not stimulate erythropoiesis, yet it prevents tissue injury in a wide variety ofin vivoandin vitromodels. These observations suggest that another receptor is responsible for the tissue-protective actions of Epo. Notably, prior investigation suggests that EpoR physically interacts with the common β receptor (βcR), the signal-transducing subunit shared by the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating fa…

2021

The presence and interaction of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is of significant importance and has a great impact on disease progression and response to therapy. Hence, their identification is of high interest for prognosis and treatment decisions. Besides detailed phenotypic analyses of immune, as well as tumor cells, spatial analyses is an important parameter in the complex interplay of neoplastic and immune cells—especially when moving into focus efforts to develop and validate new therapeutic strategies. Ex vivo analysis of tumor samples by immunohistochemistry staining methods conserves spatial information is restricted to single markers, while flow cytometry (disrupting t…

Pharmacological characterization of Uracil nucleotide-sensitive P2Y receptors in mouse ileum

2010

Since uracil nucleotide-preferring receptors, belonging to the P2Y receptor family and responding to either uridine triphosphate (UTP) or uridine diphosphate (UDP), have been proposed to be present at different cellular level in the gut, regulating various functions, we aimed to investigate whether their activation by uracil nucleotides may modulate the contractility of the intestinal muscle. Experiments were carried out in vitro, and the contractility of the longitudinal muscle from mouse ileum was recorded as changes of the isometric tension. UDP or UTP evoked a concentrationdependent, tetrodotoxin insensitive, contractile response. UDP effect was antagonized by suramin and by PPADS, P2 r…

Tbx1 regulates Vegfr3 and is required for lymphatic vessel development

2010

Defects in lymphangiogenesis are added to the broad clinical manifestations of DiGeorge syndrome, caused by deletion of the T box transcription factor Tbx1.

Development of the mouse mandible: a model system for complex morphological structures.

2012

15 pages; International audience

Interactive devices for faster access to information: navigation system for digital documents

2008

This article presents a step towards the inclusion of a preview control with established tactile interactive devices, such as the computer mouse and touch pad. It describes the origins of the device and its likely advantages in terms of ease of use and faster data retrieval as, for example, when a page previously consulted needs to be accessed again. The article limits itself to the contribution made by the device towards the consultation of digital documents, in particular on Internet sites. The device presented below makes it possible to leaf through a whole digital document from one and the same screen without mouse clicks. It can be used directly, by means of a command integrated into t…