Search results for " non-steroidal"
showing 10 items of 281 documents
Drug biotransformation by human hepatocytes. In vitro/in vivo metabolism by cells from the same donor.
2001
Abstract Background/Aims : Cultured human hepatocytes are considered a close model to human liver. However, the fact that hepatocytes are placed in a microenvironment that differs from that of the cell in the liver raises the question: to what extent does drug metabolism in vitro reflect that of the liver in vivo? This issue was examined by investigating the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of aceclofenac, an analgesic/anti-inflammatory drug. Methods : Hepatocytes isolated from programmed liver biopsies were incubated with aceclofenac, and the metabolites formed were investigated by HPLC. During the course of clinical recovery, patients were given the drug, and the metabolites, largely prese…
Preemptive analgesia-related gene and protein expression in third molar surgeries under non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug protocols : A PROSPERO-r…
2018
Background This study aimed to review translational studies focusing on third molar removal surgeries through a systematic analytical approach. Material and Methods A PROSPERO-registered systematic review (CRD42017060455) was conducted following the PRISMA statement to summarize current knowledge on gene expression in third molar surgeries. A search was performed in PubMed’s Medline and Scopus databases, without date or language restrictions, using the logical expression {[(Third molar) OR (preemptive) OR (cyclooxygenase inhibitors) OR (acute inflammation) AND (gene expression)]}. Results All studies included in the analysis evaluated gene expression in a third molar extraction model, using…
Prophylaxis of hemicrania continua: two new cases effectively treated with topiramate.
2007
Hemicrania continua (HC) is an uncommon and under-recognized primary headache disorder characterized by a strictly unilateral continuous headache of moderate intensity with possible exacerbations and associated with ipsilateral autonomic features. HC has generally a prompt and enduring response to indomethacin although 25% to 50% of treated patients develop gastrointestinal side effects. These cases pose a difficult management challenge as no other drug is consistently effective in HC. Recently 2 HC patients responsive to topiramate treatment have been reported. Here we describe 2 more patients effectively treated with topiramate. Neither reported any side effects and one had persisting res…
Triplet stabilization for enhanced drug photorelease from sunscreen-based photocages
2021
[EN] Recently, sunscreen-based drug photocages have been introduced to provide UV protection to photoactive drugs, thus increasing their photosafety. Here, combined experimental and theoretical studies performed on a photocage based on the commercial UVA filter avobenzone (AB) and on the photosensitizing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen (KP) are presented unveiling the photophysical processes responsible for the light-triggered release. Particular attention is paid to solvent stabilization of the drug and UV filter excited states, respectively, which leads to a switching between the triplet excited state energies of the AB and KP units. Most notably, we show that the stabiliz…
Biowaiver monograph for immediate-release solid oral dosage forms: acetylsalicylic acid.
2012
A biowaiver monograph for acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is presented. Literature and experimental data indicate that ASA is a highly soluble and highly permeable drug, leading to assignment of this active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to Class I of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). Limited bioequivalence (BE) studies reported in the literature indicate that products that have been tested are bioequivalent. Most of the excipients used in products with a marketing authorization in Europe are not considered to have an impact on gastrointestinal motility or permeability. Furthermore, ASA has a wide therapeutic index. Thus, the risks to the patient that might occur if a nonbioequi…
Adverse drug reaction and organ damage: the liver
2016
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is among the most challenging acute or chronic liver conditions to be handled by physicians. Despite its low incidence in the general population, DILI is a frequent cause of acute liver failure. As such, the possibility of DILI should be considered in all patients who present with acute liver damage, independent of any known pre-existing liver disease. DILI can be classified as intrinsic/dose-dependent (e.g., acetaminophen toxicity) or idiosyncratic/dose-independent, with the latter form being relatively uncommon. Amoxicillin-clavulanate is the antimicrobial that is most frequently associated with idiosyncratic DILI. Large, ongoing, prospective studies in we…
Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, perfluorinated compounds, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in freshwater mussels from Latvia.
2018
Abstract The occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), perfluorinated compounds (PFC), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in Latvian freshwater ecosystems was evaluated by using filter-feeding mussels as bioindicators. Twenty four samples of mussels were collected from freshwater bodies throughout the territory of Latvia during the summer of 2017. PBDE contamination was ubiquitous, reaching the highest total concentration of 193.2 pg g−1 w.w. BDE-209 was the most abundant compound, followed by penta-BDE components BDE-49, -100, −99, −153, −154, and −47 in decreasing order. The levels of PFCs in Latvian mussels were generally lower than those reported from other regi…
Diverse compounds mimic Alzheimer disease–causing mutations by augmenting Aβ42 production
2004
Increased Abeta42 production has been linked to the development of Alzheimer disease. We now identify a number of compounds that raise Abeta42. Among the more potent Abeta42-raising agents identified are fenofibrate, an antilipidemic agent, and celecoxib, a COX-2-selective NSAID. Many COX-2-selective NSAIDs tested raised Abeta42, including multiple COX-2-selective derivatives of two Abeta42-lowering NSAIDs. Compounds devoid of COX activity and the endogenous isoprenoids FPP and GGPP also raised Abeta42. These compounds seem to target the gamma-secretase complex, increasing gamma-secretase-catalyzed production of Abeta42 in vitro. Short-term in vivo studies show that two Abeta42-raising comp…
Swellable microparticles containing Suprofen: evaluation of in vitro release and photochemical behaviour
1998
Suprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug was incorporated in polymer networks based on biocompatible macromolecules, such as alpha,beta-polyasparthydrazide (PAHy) and alpha,beta-poly(N-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA) crosslinked by glutaraldehyde or gamma-rays, respectively. Swelling tests carried out in aqueous media showed that pH value affects the swelling degree of the prepared hydrogels. In vitro release tests were performed in simulated gastrointestinal fluids (pH 1/6.8) using the pH variation method and in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4. Experimental data indicated that Suprofen was released in a sustained way both from PAHy and PHEA microparticles. Further, incorporation of Suprof…
Exposure to radial extracorporeal shockwaves induces muscle regeneration after muscle injury in a surgical rat model
2019
The leading cause of training interruption in sport is a muscle injury, for which the standard treatment is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). To find alternative treatments, we investigated whether the radial extracorporeal shockwave application (rESWT) could stimulate muscle regeneration. A lesion with complete rupture (grade III muscle tear) was set in the musculus rectus femoris of 12-week-old Wistar rats, and the NSAID diclofenac, rESWT, or a combined therapy were applied on day 0, 3, and 5 directly following the surgery. Rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 7 days after surgery and the area of muscle lesion was excised for histological and gene expression analysis to determin…