Search results for " norovirus"
showing 10 items of 41 documents
Surveillance of enteric virus infections in a neonatal intensive care unit.
2005
Objective. To investigate the epidemiology of neonatal viral gastroenteritis compared to the circulation of enteric viruses in children, 109 newborns in the NICU of Mother and Child Department and 214 children with enteritis admitted to the “G. Di Cristina” Children’s Hospital in Palermo were monitored for Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Astrovirus and Norovirus infections. Methods. Stool samples were examined by EIA to detect viral antigens. Rotavirus strains were subjected to P- and G-typing. Results. A Norovirus strain was detected in one neonatal stool specimen whereas an astrovirus strain was dectected in two neonatal specimens. No Rotavirus or Adenovirus infection was identified among the newb…
Analysis of integrated virological and epidemiological reports of norovirus outbreaks collected within the Foodborne Viruses in Europe network from 1…
2008
ABSTRACT The Foodborne Viruses in Europe network has developed integrated epidemiological and virological outbreak reporting with aggregation and sharing of data through a joint database. We analyzed data from reported outbreaks of norovirus (NoV)-caused gastroenteritis from 13 European countries (July 2001 to July 2006) for trends in time and indications of different epidemiology of genotypes and variants. Of the 13 countries participating in this surveillance network, 11 were capable of collecting integrated epidemiological and virological surveillance data and 10 countries reported outbreaks throughout the entire period. Large differences in the numbers and rates of reported outbreaks pe…
Absolute Humidity Influences the Seasonal Persistence and Infectivity of Human Norovirus
2014
ABSTRACT Norovirus (NoV) is one of the main causative agents of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. In temperate climates, outbreaks peak during the winter season. The mechanism by which climatic factors influence the occurrence of NoV outbreaks is unknown. We hypothesized that humidity is linked to NoV seasonality. Human NoV is not cultivatable, so we used cultivatable murine norovirus (MNV) as a surrogate to study its persistence when exposed to various levels of relative humidity (RH) from low (10% RH) to saturated (100% RH) conditions at 9 and 25°C. In addition, we conducted similar experiments with virus-like particles (VLPs) from the predominant GII-4 norovirus and studied changes in bin…
High pressure treatment and green tea extract synergistically control enteric virus contamination in beverages
2022
Consumers are driving food production toward the use of natural preservatives and minimal processing technologies. Green tea extract (GTE) at low concentration could be combined with high pressure processing (HPP) for reduced treatment times and quality impact on foods in a hurdle concept for synergistic effects on foodborne viral pathogens, specifically human norovirus and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Viral inactivation by HPP (at 300, 400, and 500 MPa for 5 min) combined with 3.3 mg/mL aged-GTE was initially evaluated in buffer (PBS) against murine norovirus (MNV), a culturable human norovirus surrogate, and HAV. Furthermore, human norovirus inactivation was evaluated by the novel human intes…
Import of norovirus infections in the Netherlands and Ireland following pilgrimages to Lourdes, 2008--preliminary report.
2008
International audience; Between mid-September and 19 October 2008, nine clusters of norovirus infection involving around 90 primary cases and over a hundred secondary cases were identified in patients from the Netherlands, Ireland, Italy and France, linked to pilgrimage to Lourdes, France.
Investigation and control of a Norovirus outbreak of probable waterborne transmission through a municipal groundwater system
2014
During March 2011 an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in Santo Stefano di Quisquina, Agrigento, Sicily, Italy. Within two weeks 156 cases were identified among the 4,965 people living in the municipality. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to characterize the outbreak and target the control measures. A case was defined as a person developing diarrhea or vomiting during February 27–March 13, 2011. Stool specimens were collected from 12 cases. Norovirus (NoV) genotype GII.4 variant New Orleans 2009 was identified in stool samples from 11 of 12 cases tested (91.7%). Epidemiological investigations suggested a possible association with municipal drinking water consumption. Water …
Caratterizzazione molecolare di norovirus GIV ed altri virus enterici in molluschi bivalvi : uno studio preliminare
2011
I virus enterici si replicano nell’intestino umano e possono essere eliminati dagli individui infetti ad elevate concentrazioni; pertanto i reflui urbani possono trasportare una grande quantità di patogeni responsabili di infezioni oro-fecali e contaminare le acque superficiali, incluse quelle marine. I molluschi bivalvi eduli sono spesso implicati nella trasmissione di malattie gastroenteriche di origine virale in quanto, essendo organismi filtratori, rappresentano un potenziale serbatoio di agenti patogeni e sostanze tossiche. Nonostante i miglioramenti delle tecniche per il trattamento delle acque reflue e la classificazione delle aree di allevamento e raccolta dei molluschi, il rischio …
In-Depth Characterization of Bioactive Extracts from Posidonia oceanica Waste Biomass
2019
© 2019 by the authors.
Clinical and Epidemiologic Features of Viral Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children: An 11-Year Surveillance in Palermo (Sicily)
2022
In order to acquire information regarding viral agents and epidemiologic features of severe paediatric Viral Acute Gastroenteritis (VAGE) across multiple seasons in the pre-rotavirus-vaccine era, the epidemiologic characteristics of VAGE were investigated among paediatric patients hospitalized in a major Sicilian paediatric hospital from 2003 to 2013. Overall, 4725 children were observed and 2355 (49.8%) were diagnosed with a viral infection: 1448 (30.6%) were found positive to rotavirus, 645 (13.7%) to norovirus, 216 (4.6%) to adenovirus, and 46 (0.97%) to astrovirus. Viral infections showed different patterns of hospitalization in terms of age at risk (younger for rotavirus and adenovirus…
Modelling the removal and reversible immobilization of murine noroviruses in a Phaeozem under various contamination and rinsing conditions
2018
International audience; Enteric viruses entering the soil with contaminated irrigation water can reach groundwater or be internalized in plants through their roots without being inactivated. Their fate in the soil depends on the virus, the soil and the soil solution. In order to write a mathematical model suitable for a Calcaric Phaeozem, we investigated the removal of murine norovirus and reversible immobilization in aggregate columns according to a saturation procedure, conditions between contamination and rinsing time, temperature and soil solution. Viruses were quantified before and after 0.45‐μm filtration with an RT‐qPCR (real‐time polymerase chain reaction). Experimental results supp…