Search results for " output"
showing 10 items of 250 documents
The global cardiovascular risk transition: associations of four metabolic risk factors with national income, urbanization, and Western diet in 1980 a…
2013
Background— It is commonly assumed that cardiovascular disease risk factors are associated with affluence and Westernization. We investigated the associations of body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol with national income, Western diet, and, for BMI, urbanization in 1980 and 2008. Methods and Results— Country-level risk factor estimates for 199 countries between 1980 and 2008 were from a previous systematic analysis of population-based data. We analyzed the associations between risk factors and per capita national income, a measure of Western diet, and, for BMI, the percentage of the population living in urban areas. In 1980, the…
Does Commuting Reduce Wage Disparities?
2004
ABSTRACT This paper shows that in the Baltic countries, commuting reduces urban-rural wage and employment disparities and increases national output. To quantify the effect of commuting on wage differentials, two sets of earnings functions are estimated (based on Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian Labor Force Surveys) with location variables (capital city, rural, etc.) measured at the workplace and at the place of residence. We find that the ceteris paribus wage gap between capital city and rural areas, as well as between capital and other cities is significantly narrowed by commuting in some cases but remains almost unchanged in others. Different outcomes are explained by country-specific s…
Origin of He and CO2 in the gas manifestations of Greece.
2018
In the period from 2004 to 2017, more than 350 samples of free and dissolved gases were collected along the whole Hellenic area. Some literature data have also been taken into consideration (Rizzo et al., 2016). Samples have been analysed for their chemical and isotope composition. The concentrations range from 0.10 to 3370 μmol/mol for He, 600 to 995,000 μmol/mol for N2, 0.60 to 915,000 μmol/mol for CH4 and 17 to 1,002,000 μmol/mol for CO2, whereas the isotope values range from 0.01 to 7.10 for R/RA and -29.91 to +6.00 for δ13C-CO2. Considering the R/RA and 4He/20Ne ratios the atmospheric, mantle and crustal contributions for He have been calculated (Sano and Wakita, 1985). The highest man…
National-Level Wealth Inequality and Socioeconomic Inequality in Adolescent Mental Well-Being: A Time Series Analysis of 17 Countries
2020
Purpose: Although previous research has established a positive association between national income inequality and socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health, very little is known about the extent to which national-level wealth inequalities (i.e., accumulated financial resources) are associated with these inequalities in health. Therefore, this study examined the association between national wealth inequality and income inequality and socioeconomic inequality in adolescents' mental well-being at the aggregated level. Methods: Data were from 17 countries participating in three consecutive waves (2010, 2014, and 2018) of the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. …
Decoupled Downlink-Uplink Coverage Analysis with Interference Management for Enriched Heterogeneous Cellular Networks
2016
Heterogeneous cellular networks (HetCNets) offer a promising solution to cope with the current cellular coverage crunch. Due to the large transmit power disparity, while following maximum power received (MPR) association scheme, a larger number of users are associated with macro-cell BS (MBS) than small-cell BSs (SBSs). Therefore, an imbalance load arrangement takes place across the HetCNets. Hence, using cell range expansion-based cell association, we can balance the load across the congested MBS. However, using MPR association scheme, users’ offloading leads to two challenges: 1) macro-cell interference , in which the MBS interferes with the offloaded users, and 2) coupled downlink-uplink…
Analysis of load balancing and interference management in heterogeneous cellular networks
2017
To meet the current cellular capacity demands, proactive offloading is required in heterogeneous cellular networks (HetCNets) comprising of different tiers of base stations (BSs), e.g., small-cell BSs (sBSs) and conventional macro-cell BSs (mBSs). Each tier differs from the others in terms of BS transmit power, spatial density, and association bias. Consequently, the coverage range of each tier BSs is also different from others. Due to low transmit power, a fewer number of users are associated to an sBS as compared with mBS. Thus, inefficient utilization of small-cell resources occurs. To balance the load across the network, it is necessary to push users to the underloaded small cells from …
Effects of soil gas permeability and recirculation flux on soil CO2 flux measurements performed using a closed dynamic accumulation chamber
2009
Abstract Dynamic accumulation chamber methods have been extensively used to estimate the total output of CO2 released from active volcanic area. In order to asses the performance and reliability of a closed dynamic system several tests were carried out with different soil permeabilities and soil CO2 fluxes. A special device was used to create a constant one-dimensional CO2 flux through a soil column with a known permeability. Three permeabilities were investigated, ranging between 3.6 × 10− 2 and 3.5 × 10 μm2, as were several CO2 fluxes (ranging between 1.1 × 10− 6 and 6.3 × 10− 5 kg m− 2 s− 1). The results highlight that the accuracy of soil CO2 flux measurements strictly depends on the so…
CO2 output discharged from Stromboli Island (Italy)
2013
Abstract Total CO 2 output from soil gas and plume, discharged from the Stromboli Island, was estimated. The CO 2 emission of the plume emitted from the active crater was estimated on the basis of the SO 2 crater output and C/S ratio, while CO 2 discharged through diffuse soil emission was quantified on the basis of 419 measurements of CO 2 fluxes from the soil of the whole island, performed by using the accumulation chamber method. The results indicate an overall output of ≅ 416 t day − 1 of CO 2 from the island. The main contribution to the total CO 2 output comes from the summit area (396 t day − 1 ), with 370 t/day from the active crater and 26 t day − 1 from the Pizzo sopra La Fossa so…
On-body and off-body transmit power control in IEEE 802.15.6 scheduled access networks
2014
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have received much attention due to the possibility to be used in healthcare applications. For these applications, energy saving is a critical issue, as in many cases, batteries cannot be easily replaced. A transmit power control scheme, able to adapt to the variations of the wireless body channel, will allow consistent energy saving and longer battery life. In this paper we propose a transmit power control scheme suitable for IEEE 802.15.6 narrowband scheduled access networks, in which the transmission power is modulated frame by frame according to a run-time estimation of the channel propagation conditions. A simple and effective line search algorithm i…
Macroeconomic Modelling in EMU: How Relevant is the Change in Regime?
2007
We analyse the likely effects of changes in the monetary and financial regimes of EMU countries on the dynamics of output and inflation. In particular, we evaluate the impact of the regime shift on the forecasting performance of reduced-form models. Data for both the pre-EMU and the EMU regimes are generated by a relatively standard open-economy-DSGE model with sticky prices and wages and restricted access to financial markets for some individuals. We find that the effects of the shift in the monetary regime on the processes followed by macroeconomic variables depend on the nature of the shocks hitting the economy. For plausible shocks distributions the reduction in the accuracy of VAR-base…