Search results for " oxide"
showing 10 items of 2491 documents
Oxidative stress in ciliated nasal epithelial cells from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia
2016
Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare disorder characterized by dysfunction of respiratory cilia and impaired mucociliary clearance leading to recurrent airway infection and chronic inflammation appearing in childhood. Rationale and aims: Chronic inflammation has been associated to oxidative stress (OS). Moreover, evidence of increased OS in the airways of stable children with PCD has been shown (Zihlif, N. et al . Pediatr Pulmonol 2006; 41:509-14). We hypothesize that OS would be increased in ciliated nasal epithelial cells (CNEC) from patients with PCD. This study was aimed to assess the OS profile in CNEC isolated from children with PCD. Methods: CNEC were obtained from …
cGMP MODULATES STEM CELLS DIFFERENTIATION TO NEURONS IN BRAIN IN VIVO
2010
During brain development neural stem cells may differentiate to neurons or to other cell types. The aim of this work was to assess the role of cGMP (cyclic GMP) in the modulation of differentiation of neural stem cells to neurons or non-neuronal cells. cGMP in brain of fetuses was reduced to 46% of controls by treating pregnant rats with nitroarginine-methylester (L-NAME) and was restored by co-treatment with sildenafil.Reducing cGMP during brain development leads to reduced differentiation of stem cells to neurons and increased differentiation to non-neuronal cells. The number of neurons in the prefrontal cortex originated from stem cells proliferating on gestational day 14 was 715 +/- 14/…
An overview of new pharmacological treatments for cerebrovascular dysfunction after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
2004
Cerebral vasospasm and the resulting cerebral ischemia occurring after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are still responsible for the considerable morbidity and mortality in patients affected by cerebral aneurysms. Mechanisms contributing to the development of vasospasm, abnormal reactivity of cerebral arteries and cerebral ischemia after SAH have been intensively investigated in recent years. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of vasospasm is related to a number of pathological processes, including endothelial damage, smooth muscle cell contraction resulting from spasmogenic substances generated during lyses of subarachnoid blood clots, changes in vascular responsiveness and inflamma…
Nitric oxide triggers mammary gland involution after weaning: remodelling is delayed but not impaired in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase
2010
During mammary gland involution, different signals are required for apoptosis and tissue remodelling. To explore the role of NO in the involution of mammary tissue after lactation, NOS2 (inducible nitric oxide synthase)-KO (knockout) mice were used. No apparent differences were observed between NOS2-KO and WT (wild-type) animals during pregnancy and lactation. However, upon cessation of lactation, a notable delay in involution was observed, compared with WT mice. NOS2-KO mice showed increased phosphorylation of STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) 5 during weaning, concomitant with increased beta-casein mRNA levels when compared with weaned WT glands, both hallmarks of th…
Estradiol, acting through estrogen receptor alpha, restores dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase activity and nitric oxide production in oxLDL-tre…
2011
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. ADMA accumulation, mainly due to a decreased dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) activity, has been related to the development of cardiovascular diseases. We investigate whether estradiol prevents the changes induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on the DDAH/ADMA/NO pathway in human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAEC). HUAEC were exposed to estradiol, native LDL (nLDL), oxLDL and their combinations for 24 h. In some experiments, cells were also exposed to the unspecific estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182780, the specific ERα antagonist MPP or specific agonists …
Pure oxygen ventilation during general anaesthesia does not result in increased postoperative respiratory morbidity but decreases surgical site infec…
2014
Background. Pure oxygen ventilation during anaesthesia is debatable, as it may lead to development of atelectasis. Rationale of the study was to demonstrate the harmlessness of ventilation with pure oxygen. Methods. This is a single-centre, one-department observational trial. Prospectively collected routine-data of 76,784 patients undergoing general, gynaecological, orthopaedic, and vascular surgery during 1995–2009 were retrospectively analysed. Postoperative hypoxia, unplanned ICU-admission, surgical site infection (SSI), postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and hospital mortality were continuously recorded. During 1996 the anaesthetic ventilation for all patients was changed from 30…
4-Hydroxynonenal-Induced Relaxation of Human Mesenteric Arteries1
1997
The effect of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a circulating lipid peroxidation product, on the vascular tone of human mesenteric arteries is studied. 4-HNE promotes relaxation of human mesenteric arterial rings in a concentration-dependent manner. Removal of the endothelium or treatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 10(-4) M) partially prevented 4-HNE-induced relaxation, thus suggesting the intervention of nitric oxide from endothelial origin in the vascular effects of 4-HNE.
Relaxation and cGMP formation in response to sildenafil and sodium nitroprusside in saphenous veins from normotensive and hypertensive patients1
2002
Abstract Background This study was designed to measure cyclic guanosine 3′5′ monophosphate (cGMP) formation and relaxation response to sildenafil given either alone or in combination with sodium nitroprusside in saphenous veins obtained from normotensive and hypertensive patients. Methods Saphenous vein rings were obtained from 13 hypertensive and nine normotensive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. The vein rings were suspended in organ bath chambers for isometric recording of tension. The effect of sildenafil on sodium nitroprusside-induced cGMP formation was also assessed. Results Sildenafil (10 nmol/L to 100 μmol/L) and sodium nitroprusside (0.01 to 100 nmol/L) caused c…
Relationship between Skin Temperature Variation and Muscle Damage Markers after a Marathon Performed in a Hot Environmental Condition
2021
This study aimed to assess the effect of a marathon running at a hot environmental temperature on the baseline skin temperature (Tsk) of the posterior day and to analyze the relationship between Tsk response and muscle damage markers variation. The Tsk, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase of 16 marathon runners were assessed four times before (15 days and 45 min) and after (24 h and 6 days) a marathon in a hot environment (thermal stress index = 28.3 ± 3.3 °C and humidity ~81%). The Tsk of thirteen different body regions of both right and left lower limbs were analyzed. Higher values after the marathon were observed than 45 min before in creatine kinase (174.3 ± 136.4 UI/L <
Biopterin metabolism and eNOS expression during hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in mice.
2013
International audience; Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH$_4$), which fosters the formation of and stabilizes endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) as an active dimer, tightly regulates eNOS coupling / uncoupling. Moreover, studies conducted in genetically-modified models demonstrate that BH$_4$ pulmonary deficiency is a key determinant in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. The present study thus investigates biopterin metabolism and eNOS expression, as well as the effect of sepiapterin (a precursor of BH$_4$) and eNOS gene deletion, in a mice model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. In lungs, chronic hypoxia increased BH$_4$ levels and eNOS expression, without modifying dihydrobiopterin (BH$_2$, t…