Search results for " pattern"

Identification of the VvFLS2 grapevine flagellin receptor by a functional genomics strategy

2013

National audience; Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is a crop of high agronomic interest subject to many destructive diseases. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) mediate detection of potential pathogens via the perception of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which is important for plant disease resistance. A well studied PRR is the Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase FLS2 that recognizes bacterial flagellin (or its minimal motif flg22). Flagellin perception plays an important role in restricting bacterial invasion into plant leaves. Until now, functional FLS2 orthologues have been characterized in Nicotiana benthamiana, rice and tomato. Despite its economical importanc…

Predicting spread patterns of centrifugal fertiliser spreaders

2014

International audience; Nowadays farmers recognize the importance of a correct and precise fertiliser application: non-uniform spread patterns cause extra pressure on the environment and might result in economic losses for the farmer. In Europe most spreading is done by centrifugal fertilizer spreaders but their spreading process is not easy to monitor and to control. To perform a precise fertilising farmers need proper tools to determine and evaluate the spread pattern at farm level. Therefore the Flemish Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) is exploring and developing a fast and accurate technique for measuring the spread pattern of conventional centrifugal spreaders. …

Mapping spatial patterns of denitrifiers for bridging community ecology and microbial processes along environmental gradients

2009

International audience; While there is ample evidence that microbial processes can exhibit large variations at a field scale, very little is known about the spatial distribution of the communities mediating these processes. The objective of this study was to explore spatial patterns of size and activity of the denitrifying community, a functional guild involved in N-cycling, in a grassland field subjected to different cattle grazing regimes. We used geostatistical modeling to map the distribution of size and activity of the denitrifier community in the pasture. Size of the denitrifier community was estimated by PCR quantification of the denitrification gene copy numbers while its activity w…

Mapping spatial patterns of denitrifiers for bridging community ecology and microbial processes along environmental gradients

2009

While there is ample evidence that microbial processes can exhibit large variations at a field scale, very little is known about the spatial distribution of the communities mediating these processes. The objective of this study was to explore spatial patterns of size and activity of the denitrifying community, a functional guild involved in N-cycling, in a grassland field subjected to different cattle grazing regimes. We used geostatistical modeling to map the distribution of size and activity of the denitrifier community in the pasture. Size of the denitrifier community was estimated by PCR quantification of the denitrification gene copy numbers while its activity was estimated by measurin…

Comment stimuler l’immunité de la vigne avec des éliciteurs

2013

Guinean and sahelian rainfall anomaly indices at annual and monthly scales (1933-1990)

1994

The annual and monthly rainfall variability in north tropical Africa are analysed by principal component analysis in order to detect the main coherent modes. The Sahel constitutes the first mode, although it is divided close to 1O"W into an Atlantic section and a Continental section. The Guinean zone is less coherent, and is divided into distinct modes. The subequatorial area never formed a distinct mode. Rainfall variability for the coherent areas is constructed from rainfall anomaly indices (RAI), based on the coherent areas, and a rainfall typology taking into account the spatial pattern of the rainfall anomaly fields and the intensity of the anomaly. Their evolution (mainly since 1950) …

Types de configurations pluviométriques sur le bassin méditerranéen, forçages atmosphériques et évènements intenses (1979-2013).

2015

Sixrecurrent and redundant daily rainfall patterns have been extracted over the Mediterranean area from 1979 to 2013: five areassociated to regionals rainfall excess (South-West Mediterranean, Mid-North Mediterranean, East Mediterranean, WestMediterranean and north-west Mediterranean) and one to generalized deficit. Each rainfall pattern is associated with atypical barometric spatial configuration leading to local wind bringing moisture to the coast leading to specific local rainfallsurplus. Rainfall patterns also explain a large part of the spatial characteristics and the probability of occurrence of intenseevents. For example, more than 20% of days of “West-Mediterranean” rainfall pattern…

High resolution rainfall variability in the vineyard: first results from a local scale network in Burgundy.

2012

4 pages; International audience; Rainfall is a major component of Vitivinicultural Terroirs. In many regions, it controls a large part of water intake byvine and it has an important role in diseases occurrence. Winegrowers often record rainfall with only one or a couple ofrain gauges. Such a sparse coverage might not be accurate enough to capture efficiently the spatial variability ofrainfall, which is a necessary prerequisite for efficient crop management (e.g. for irrigation or spraying decisions, etc.).In order to study high resolution variability of rainfall, we implemented a 40 tipping bucket rain gauges network over anarea of 28 km² in the hilly region of Beaune (France). The mesh siz…

Effet de l'âge sur les consommations alimentaires et les raisons de non-consommation : résultats d'une enquête menée auprès de 32 000 adultes âgés de…

2017

National audience; Introduction et but de l'étude : S'il existe un certain nombre d'études ayant décrit les consommations alimentaires au sein de la population française dans différentes classes d'âge (eg, étude INCA3, 2017, pour la plus récente), très peu se sont intéressées aux raisons de non-consommation de tel ou tel type d'aliment, et notamment à l'évolution de ces raisons de non-consommation au cours de l'avancée en âge. Matériel et méthodes : 32 696 volontaires enrôlés dans la cohorte française NutriNet-Santé (20-80 ans ; 76% de femmes) ont évalué leur fréquence de consommation de 21 catégories d'aliments (eg, viande ; poisson & fruits de mer ; légumes crus…). En cas de non-consommat…

Biogeographical patterns of soil bacterial communities.

2009

International audience; This study provides the first maps of variations in bacterial community structure on a broad scale based on genotyping of DNA extracts from 593 soils from four different regions of France (North, Brittany, South-East and Landes). Soils were obtained from the soil library of RMQS (Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols = French soil quality monitoring network). The relevance of a biogeographic approach for studying bacterial communities was demonstrated by the great variability in community structure and specific geographical patterns within and between the four regions. The data indicated that the distribution of bacterial community composition might be more relate…