Search results for " physical exercise"
showing 10 items of 36 documents
Methyl-CpG-binding proteins
2000
CpG methylation, the most common epigenetic modification of vertebrate genomes, is primarily associated with transcriptional repression. MeCP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3 and MBD4 constitute a family of vertebrate proteins that share the methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD). The MBD, consisting of about 70 residues, possesses a unique alpha/beta-sandwich structure with characteristic loops, and is able to bind single methylated CpG pairs as a monomer. All MBDs except MBD4, an endonuclease that forms a complex with the DNA mismatch-repair protein MLH1, form complexes with histone deacetylase. It has been established that MeCP2, MBD1 and MBD2 are involved in histone deacetylase-dependent repression and it i…
Promoting active ageing through a physical exercise program aimed at reducing frailty and risk of falling among older adults
2017
Introduction: Risk of falling and frailty have been revealed as the most important conditions causing dependency among older people [1]. Older adults taking physical activity regularly can benefit of a proper maintenance of muscle strength and mass, which helps to retain function and independence, and to prevent falls and other injuries [2]. Concretely, the effectiveness of balance and strength training programs on the reduction of falls [3] and frailty [4] has been sufficiently proved.Theory/Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an intervention based on a physical exercise program addressed at 65+ people suffering from risk of falling and frailty, and ultimately aimed…
Physical activity and cardiovascular prevention: Is healthy urban living a possible reality or utopia?
2017
Favoring correct lifestyles is the most important measure to contrast cardiovascular diseases and the epidemic of high cardiovascular risk conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Lifestyle is a broad expression that includes diet, physical exercise, and psychological and socio-economic factors, each of which must be taken into due consideration because of their intertwining influences, which may be a barrier to healthy changes at both the individual and population levels. While physical activity has probably received less attention in the last decades, it is likely the most important among the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Improving the habitual physi…
Role of physical activity in ameliorating neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease: A narrative review
2019
Objective: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPs) affect almost all patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Because of the complications associated with the pharmacological treatment, nonpharmacological treatment (such as physical activity) can be considered as an additional complementary treatment option for NPs. The aim of this review is to evaluate the impact of physical activity on NPs in patients with AD. Methods: We searched Pubmed and Google Scholar for potential eligible articles until March 1, 2018. Results: Although there are contradictory results showing the impact of physical exercise on NPs, most of them reported that it had a significant effect on depression and sleep disturbances in p…
Intergenerational transmission of the positive effects of physical exercise on brain and cognition
2019
Physical exercise has positive effects on cognition, but very little is known about the inheritance of these effects to sedentary offspring and the mechanisms involved. Here, we use a patrilineal design in mice to test the transmission of effects from the same father (before or after training) and from different fathers to compare sedentary- and runner-father progenies. Behavioral, stereological, and whole-genome sequence analyses reveal that paternal cognition improvement is inherited by the offspring, along with increased adult neurogenesis, greater mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, and modulation of the adult hippocampal gene expression profile. These results demonstrate the inher…
Promoting Physical Activity Habits after Completing Secondary School: Does the Age Matter?
2022
Physical inactivity is one of the most important problems in our society, especially during adolescence. During this stage of schooling, students practice physical activity in physical education classes, but after they finish school, many of them stop practicing it. This research aims to determine which variables predict the intention to practice physical activity after finishing secondary school and to discover the effect that age during adolescence has on these predictive variables. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of secondary school students. The results show that physical exercise identity influences the three antecedents of this theory, while the attitude towards the behav…
Design of a randomized controlled trial of physical training and cancer ( Phys-Can) the impact of exercise intensity on cancer related fatigue, quali…
2017
Background: Cancer-related fatigue is a common problem in persons with cancer, influencing health-related quality of life and causing a considerable challenge to society. Current evidence supports the beneficial effects of physical exercise in reducing fatigue, but the results across studies are not consistent, especially in terms of exercise intensity. It is also unclear whether use of behaviour change techniques can further increase exercise adherence and maintain physical activity behaviour. This study will investigate whether exercise intensity affects fatigue and health related quality of life in persons undergoing adjuvant cancer treatment. In addition, to examine effects of exercise …
Metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects of a home-based programme of aerobic physical exercise
2013
Summary Aims Regular exercise demonstrated the ability to provide enormous benefits to many diseases, atherosclerotic-based, degenerative and neoplastic, but also to grant anti-inflammatory actions, assessed by various authors in different populations. Despite of these clear benefits, many patients are unable to attain long-term results through chronic physical activity for different causes. On this basis, the aim of our study was to assess the metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects of a home-based programme of fast walking in patients affected by metabolic syndrome (MS). Materials and methods We enrolled 176 subjects with MS as stated by ATP III criteria. Patients were invited to walk for…
Poly-ADP-Ribose (PAR) as an epigenetic flag
2009
Epigenetics is the study of hereditable chromatin modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and nucleosome-remodelling, which occur without alterations to the DNA sequence. The establishment of different epigenetic states in eukaryotes depends on regulatory mechanisms that induce structural changes in chromatin in response to environmental and cellular cues. Two classes of enzymes modulate chromatin accessibility: chromatin-covalent modifiers and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes. The first class of enzymes catalyzes covalent modifications of DNA as well as the amino- and carboxy-terminal tails of histones, while the second uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis …
Modifications of atrial natriuretic peptide and vasopressin peptides in the rat hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus during resistance training
2010
Many studies have demonstrated the involvement of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and vasopressin (VP) in the homeostasis of body fluids, but few studies have regarded the hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system during physical exercises. The aim of the present immunohistochemical work is to study the activity of ANP and VP secreting neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus during and after resistance training. The study was carried out in Wistar rats trained by a physical resistance-type exercise, using a rung ladder and a varying load fastened to the tail of each rat; the exercise lasted 20 min everyday for periods of 15, 30 and 45 days. Animal groups were sacrificed at th…