Search results for " pollutant"

The activity of glutathione S-transferase in hepatopancreas of Procambarus clarkii: Seasonal variations and the influence of environmental pollutants

1991

Abstract 1. 1The glutathione S -transferase activity in hepatopancreas of the American red crayfish Procambarus clarkii after 15 days' acclimatization in tap water aquaria was measured in specimens collected monthly for a whole year, and shows seasonal variation. 2. 2. Previous data on the environmental pollution of Lake Albufera suggest a possible correlation with the activity tested in the different seasons of the year considering the results of non-acclimatized animals.

Toxicokinetics of xenobiotics in zebrafish—Comparison between tap and river water

1991

Abstract 1. 1. Uptake and elimination of lindane, 3,4-dichloroaniline, phenol and 4-nitrophenol by the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio were investigated in tap water and in water of the river Rhine. 2. 2. The differences in bioconcentration of chemicals between the two water types did not exceed a factor of 2.5. 3. 3. Elimination kinetics were comparable in tap and river water. 4. 4. It can be concluded that water of the river Rhine does not influence the kinetics of the investigated xenobiotics.

Acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of endosulfan in rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus).

1991

Abstract 1. 1. The acute toxicity of endosulfan was determined for the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus . 2. 2. The mean 24 hr lc 50 value for endosulfan was 5.15 ppm with a coefficient of variation of 14.7%. 3. 3. Rotifers were exposed at two sublethal concentrations (1.5–2.0 ppm) of endosulfan for bioaccumulation experiments, for an exposure time of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr. The rotifers were fed with Nannochloris oculata (5 × 10 5 cell/ml). 4. 4. The highest accumulation of endosulfan was found 24 hr after the start of the exposure to 1.5 ppm of the toxicant. A steady-state concentration in rotifer was reached between 24–48 hr, followed by a gradual decrease until 96 hr.

Distribution of rare earth elements in marine sediments from the Strait of Sicily (western Mediterranean Sea): Evidence of phosphogypsum waste contam…

2010

Concentrations of rare earth elements (REE), Y, Th and Sc were recently determined in marine sediments collected using a box corer along two onshore–offshore transects located in the Strait of Sicily (Mediterranean Sea). The REE + Y were enriched in offshore fine-grained sediments where clay minerals are abundant, whereas the REE + Y contents were lower in onshore coarse-grained sediments with high carbonate fractions. Considering this distribution trend, the onshore sediments in front of the southwestern Sicilian coast represent an anomaly with high REE + Y concentrations (mean value 163.4 lg g 1) associated to high Th concentrations (mean value 7.9 lg g 1). Plot of shale-normalized REE + …

The ability of soil-borne fungi to degrade organophosphonate carbon-to-phosphorus bonds

1997

The ability of a wide variety of soil-borne fungal strains to degrade four structurally different compounds containing P-C bonds, namely the naturally occurring amino acid ciliatine, the popular herbicide glyphosate, phosphonoacetic acid and 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid, was studied in order to show that soil fungi may play an important role in the biodegradation of organophosphonates. Most of the strains appeared to utilize ciliatine as the sole source of phosphorus for growth. Only a limited number of strains were able to grow on the other phosphonates used in this work. The strains of Trichoderma harzianum, Scopulariopsis sp. and Aspergillus niger chosen for more detailed study show…

A low-level spectrometer with a planar low-energy HPGe: shielding arrangement tests and system performance for 210Pb determination in air filter samp…

2001

A system for low-energy photon spectrometry using a planar germanium detector with appropriate specifications is presented. A spectrometric background investigation has been carried out with various detector shielding arrangements. The characteristics of the system for measurements of 210Pb in air-particulate matter on filters have been determined.

Pollutants and Air Pollution

2016

Analytical challenges to determine emerging persistent organic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems

2018

Emerging persistent organic pollutants (ePOPs) include polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride/perfluorooctane sulfonate (POSF/PFOS), which are newly listed in the Stockholm Convention. Other ePOPs, which have not been regulated, include organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and other perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Often ePOPs data related to occurrence, toxicity, impact or environmental behavior are insufficient or inadequate because of the lack of proper analytical methods to obtain them. Thus, a critical review of the analytical procedures proposed in the last six years (2011–2017) for determining ePOPs…

A Multisite-Multipollutant Air Quality Index

2013

Abstract In this paper, starting from a multivariate spatio-temporal array, containing air pollution data collected for the main pollutants at different monitoring sites over a 1-year period, a new approach is proposed to get a Multipollutant-Multisite Air Quality Index (AQI) time series. A two steps aggregation, related to space and to pollutants, is considered. For the first aggregation (spatial synthesis) a PCA is performed on data array opportunely rearranged, while the index I2, proposed in Ruggieri and Plaia (2011) , is used for the second aggregation (pollutant synthesis), obtaining the new index I 2 MS . Daily data of four air pollutants from the city of Palermo (Italy) are analyzed…

PAHs associated with the leaves of Quercus ilex L.: Extraction, GC–MS analysis, distribution and sourcesAssessment of air quality in the Palermo (Ita…

2007

Abstract In this study, the leaves of Quercus ilex L. were selected as possible bioaccumulators of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Quercus is an evergreen plant that occurs widely in both urban and rural areas. Several sites (urban roadside, urban, urban park, suburban and rural) in and around Palermo city were investigated. The purpose of this research was to optimize analytical method for quercus leaves, investigate the degree of contamination in the urban area of Palermo by comparing PAH concentration in leaves of quercus from the several sites, establish distribution patterns and relate them to possible sources of PAHs. To this aim, the 16 recommended as priority pollutants by …