Search results for " priming"
showing 10 items of 77 documents
2015
Previewing distracters enhances the efficiency of visual search. Watson and Humphreys (1997) proposed that the preview benefit rests on visual marking, a mechanism which actively encodes distracter locations at preview and inhibits them afterwards at search. As Watson and Humphreys did, we used a letter-color search task to study constraints of visual marking in conjunction search and near-efficient single-feature search with single-colored and homogeneous distracter letters. Search performance was measured for fixed target and distracter features (block design) and for randomly changed features across trials (random design). In single-feature search there was a full preview benefit for bot…
Masked priming effects are modulated by expertise in the script.
2010
In a recent study using a masked priming same–different matching task, García-Orza, Perea, and Muñoz (2010) found a transposition priming effect for letter strings, digit strings, and symbol strings, but not for strings of pseudoletters (i.e., [Formula: see text] produced similar response times to the control pair [Formula: see text]). They argued that the mechanism responsible for position coding in masked priming is not operative with those “objects” whose identity cannot be attained rapidly. To assess this hypothesis, Experiment 1 examined masked priming effects in Arabic for native speakers of Arabic, whereas participants in Experiments 2 and 3 were lower intermediate learners of Arabi…
Evolutionary ecology of immune priming in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor
2017
Many organisms can improve their immune response as a function of their immunological experience, a phenomenon called immune priming. While the mechanisms through which immune priming is achieved remain unknown, individuals that survived to a given parasite are better protected against subsequent exposures. This immune priming can cross generations (trans-generational immune priming – TGIP), preparing offspring for prevailing parasite environment. Both individual and trans-generational immune priming might be adaptive and may have evolved from repeated challenges by the same pathogens during the host lifetime or across generation. While protection could be cross-reactive, a certain level of…
Le Priming Effect dans le sol : mécanismes, acteurs et conséquences sur les services écosystémiques dans un contexte de changement global
2022
The priming effect (PE) is a key mechanism contributing to the carbon balance of the soil ecosystem. Almost 100 years of research since its discovery in 1926 have led to a rich body of scientific publications to identify the drivers and mechanisms involved. A few review articles have summarised the acquired knowledge; the last major one was published in 2010. Since then, knowledge on the soil microbial communities involved in PE and in PE + C sequestration mechanisms has been considerably renewed.This article reviews current knowledge on soil PE to state to what extent new insights may improve our ability to understand and predict the evolution of soil C stocks. We propose a framework to un…
Evolutionary ecology of the trans-generational immune priming in an insect
2012
Trans-generational immune priming (TGIP) is defined as the plastic enhancement of offspring's immunocompetence following an immune challenge of the females of the parental generation. In vertebrates, this phenomenon is well described, and is achieved by the maternal transfer of antibodies. In invertebrates however, it has only recently been described. Since invertebrates do not possess antibodies, the mechanism of this transmission remains unknown. If the offspring is exposed to the maternal infection, an elevated immunocompetence can help it cope better with it. Nonetheless, apart from this benefit, several cues indicate that the TGIP bears some fitness costs for individuals. The evolution…
Effets des micro-doses de sucre chez la vigne en conditions contrôlées
2019
National audience
Virulence evolution and immune defence : pathogen-host interactions between an environmentally transmitted bacterium Serratia marcescens and its inse…
2015
L2-L1 Translation Priming Effects in a Lexical Decision Task: Evidence From Low Proficient Korean-English Bilinguals
2018
One of the key issues in bilingual lexical representation is whether L1 processing is facilitated by L2 words. In this study, we conducted two experiments using the masked priming paradigm to examine how L2-L1 translation priming effects emerge when unbalanced, low proficiency, Korean-English bilinguals performed a lexical decision task. In Experiment 1, we used a 150 ms SOA (50 ms prime duration followed by a blank interval of 100 ms) and found a significant L2-L1 translation priming effect. In contrast, in Experiment 2, we used a 60 ms SOA (50 ms prime duration followed by a blank interval of 10 ms) and found a null effect of L2-L1 translation priming. This finding is the first demonstrat…
Do Diacritical Marks Play a Role at the Early Stages of Word Recognition in Arabic?
2016
Published: 22 August 2016 A crucial question in the domain of visual word recognition is whether letter similarity plays a role in the early stages of visual word processing. Here we focused on Arabic because in this language there are various groups of letters that share the same basic shape and only differ in the number/location of diacritical points. We conducted a masked priming lexical decision experiment in which a target word was preceded by: (i) an identity prime; (ii) a prime in which the critical letter was replaced by a letter with the same shape that differed in the number of diacritics (e.g., ); or (iii) a prime in which the critical letter was replaced by a letter with differe…