Search results for " reason"
showing 10 items of 465 documents
Majority and minority influence in inductive reasoning: A preliminary study
1991
Ninety-three students were exposed to majority and minority influence in an inductive reasoning task. The former induced convergent thinking processes, though its effects were not reducible to mere compliance. The latter activated more divergent constructive processes, supporting the predictions of Conversion Theory.
Logical Sentential Calculi Inspired by the Chrysippean Sentential Calculus
2021
The aim of the present paper is to consider an approach, different from that presented by J. Łukasiewicz, concerning the interpretation of the so-called stoic undemonstrables, which were given by Chrysippus. Stoic undemonstrables have been interpreted in two different ways: using the notion of “negation of a sentence” (Łukasiewicz) and using the notion of “a sentence inconsistent with a given one” (Mates). According to the Stoics, two sentences are inconsistent if one of them is negation of the other. The Mates’ interpretation generates five different inference rules. Based on one of these rules we can consider (with other undemonstrables) four different stoic propositional calculi. Taking …
Explanatory Reasoning: A Probabilistic Interpretation
2016
This paper deals with inference guided by explanatory considerations –specifically with the prospects for a probabilistic interpretation of it. After pointing out some differences between two sorts of explanatory reasoning – i.e.: abduction and “inference to the best explanation” – in the first section I distinguish two tasks: (a) to discern which explanation is the best one; (b) to assess whether the best explanation deserves to be legitimately believed. In Sect. 20.2 I discuss some recent definitions of explanatory power based on “reduction of uncertainty” (Schupbach and Sprenger 2011; Crupi and Tentori 2012). Even though a probabilistic framework is a promising option here, I will argue …
Rough Pragmatic Description Logic
2013
In this chapter, a rough description logic is built on the basis of a pragmatic standpoint of representation of knowledge. The pragmatic standpoint has influenced the acceptance of a broader definition of the semantic network than that appearing in the literature. The definition of the semantic network is a motivation of the introduced semantics of the language of the descriptive logic. First, the theoretical framework of representation of knowledge that was proposed in the papers [24,25] is adjusted to the description of data processing. The pragmatic system of knowledge representation is determined, as well as situations of semantic adequacy and semantic inadequacy for represented knowled…
Bībeles intertekstualitāte Migela de Unamuno romānā “Svētais Manuēls Labais Moceklis”
2018
Šis darbs ir veltīts Migeļa de Unamuno (Miguel de Unamuno) Bībeles intertekstuālu atsauču (tiešu, netiešu) izpētei Migeļa de Unamuno (Miguel de Unamuno) romānā: “Svētais Manuēls Labais moceklis” Pētījumā ir četras nodaļas, kas veido divas daļas: pirmā teorētiskā, kas sastāv no trijām pirmajām nodaļām un definē intertekstualitātes konceptu, parāda Unamuno dzīvi un darbu, īpaši romānu "Svētais Manuēls Labais moceklis". Otrā ir praktiskā daļa, kas sastāv no ceturtās nodaļas, tās mērķis ir atklāt un klasificēt bībliskās intertekstualitātes romānā. Galvenā uzmanība teorētiskajā daļā tiks pievērsta Džulijas Kristeva (Julia Kristeva) un Žerarda Ženeta (Gerard Genette) pētījumiem par to, kā viņi in…
DYNAMIC SEMANTIC USER PROFILING FROM IMPLICIT WEB NAVIGATION DATA
2014
International audience; On the Web, pages are often dynamically generated and allow publishers to individually adapt contents to each viewer. Underlying systems must correctly understand the user's context - crucial especially in the case of online advertisement placement. The article at hand describes our proposition of a novel profiling system, adapted to the special needs of digital advertising. Based on Semantic Web Technologies, the MindMinings system relies on an ontology to enable thorough understanding of each user's context and needs. The underlying ontology structure also provides enhanced interoperability with semantically annotated knowledge resources, notably vocabularies from …
Pellet: A Practical OWL-DL Reasoner
2007
In this paper, we present a brief overview of Pellet: a complete OWL-DL reasoner with acceptable to very good performance, extensive middleware, and a number of unique features. Pellet is the first sound and complete OWL-DL reasoner with extensive support for reasoning with individuals (including nominal support and conjunctive query), user-defined datatypes, and debugging support for ontologies. It implements several extensions to OWL-DL including a combination formalism for OWL-DL ontologies, a non-monotonic operator, and preliminary support for OWL/Rule hybrid reasoning. Pellet is written in Java and is open source.
Cosmopolitanism and Human Reason
2019
Over and above the modalities with which it is expressed in the domains of Kant’s system, the theme of cosmopolitanism embodies the meaning of a philosophy seen as a plan to build on the connection between man, polis and reason; an essential connection that in human reason identifies not a simple endowment which everyone has by nature but a form of life to be realized in the world, a purpose whose binding strength is only fully expressed in the public dimension.
The Spherical Shape of Reason: Theoretical Implications in Kant’s Cosmopolitan Right
2017
What is the meaning of the Kantian “right to visit”? What role does it play in his cosmopolitan project of peace? Kant scholars answer differently. Two opposite interpretive tendencies can be traced paradigmatically. One position points out freedom of circulation of the stranger as a condition of communication and peaceful coexistence between peoples. The other sees the constitutional limitation of the right to visit as a starting point for the creation of a global society. Kant’s philosophy offers elements that go beyond both interpretations. However, this only becomes apparent when the right to visit is read from a new perspective that goes beyond the specific space of the Kantian doctrin…
Filosofia in senso cosmico e destinazione dell'uomo
2020
Conceived by Kant as a spontaneous self-legislating activity, reason produces drives, norms and desires in which man, as a rational being, is a participant, but over which, as a finite being, he can neither fully exercise his cognitive power nor exercise his will to the very end. The expression “human reason” thus describes the condition in which we never find ourselves at home; or, rather, we live in our own house as guests who are not always at ease. That is to say, reason puts us in an embarrassing situation (Verlegenheit), because it reminds us that the space in which we think we can move so easily, and in which we trust we are well acclimatized in virtue of our knowledge and our skills…