Search results for " recording"
showing 10 items of 223 documents
Multivariate analysis of the modifications induced by an environmental acoustic cue on rat exploratory behavior.
2007
The aim of the present paper is to study by means of a multivariate analysis the modifications induced by an environmental acoustic cue on the structure of rat exploratory behavior. Adult male Wistar rats were observed during the exploration of a soundproof observation box. Each rat was acoustically stimulated after 150 s from the beginning of the experimental session, lasting 300 s, and recorded through a digital videocamera. A frame by frame analysis was thereafter carried out using a professional video-recording system. Thirteen behavioral patterns were selected: immobility, immobile-sniffing, walking, rearing, climbing, chewing, paw-licking, face-grooming, body-grooming, head-turning, t…
Nicotine modulation of the lateral habenula/ventral tegmental area circuit dynamics: An electrophysiological study in rats
2022
Abstract Nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco, has bivalent rewarding and aversive properties. Recently, the lateral habenula (LHb), a structure that controls ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) function, has attracted attention as it is potentially involved in the aversive properties of drugs of abuse. Hitherto, the LHb-modulation of nicotine-induced VTA neuronal activity in vivo is unknown. Using standard single-extracellular recording in anesthetized rats, we observed that intravenous administration of nicotine hydrogen tartrate (25–800 μg/kg i.v.) caused a dose-dependent increase in the basal firing rate of the LHb neurons of nicotine-naive rats. This effect underwent com…
Cholinergic Responses of Ophthalmic Arteries in M3and M5Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Knockout Mice
2009
PURPOSE. To determine the functional role of M 3 and M 5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in ophthalmic arteries using gene-targeted mice. METHODS. Muscarinic receptor gene expression was quantified in murine ophthalmic arteries using real-time PCR. To test the functional relevance of M 3 and M 5 receptors, ophthalmic arteries from mice deficient in either subtype (M3R -/- , M5R -/- , respectively) and wild-type controls were isolated, cannulated with micropipettes, and pressurized. Changes in luminal vessel diameter in response to muscarinic and nonmuscarinic receptor agonists were measured by video microscopy. RESULTS. With the use of real-time PCR, all five muscarinic receptor …
Identification of the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtype Mediating Cholinergic Vasodilation in Murine Retinal Arterioles
2011
To identify the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype that mediates cholinergic vasodilation in murine retinal arterioles.Muscarinic receptor gene expression was determined in murine retinal arterioles using real-time PCR. To assess the functional relevance of muscarinic receptors for mediating vascular responses, retinal vascular preparations from muscarinic receptor-deficient mice were studied in vitro. Changes in luminal arteriole diameter in response to muscarinic and nonmuscarinic vasoactive substances were measured by video microscopy.Only mRNA for the M(3) receptor was detected in retinal arterioles. Thus, M(3) receptor-deficient mice (M3R(-/-)) and respective wild-type controls …
Mechanisms underlying hyperpolarization evoked by P2Y receptor activation in mouse distal colon
2006
In murine colonic circular muscle, ATP mediates fast component of the nerve-evoked inhibitory junction potentials, via activation of P2Y receptors and opening of apamin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent K+ channels. We investigated, using microelectrode recordings, the intracellular events following P2Y-receptor activation by electrical field stimulation or by adenosine 5'-O-2-thiodiphosphate (ADPbetaS), ATP stable analogue. The fast-inhibitory junction potential amplitude was reduced by thapsigargin or ciclopiazonic acid (CPA), sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitors, by ryanodine, which inhibits Ca2+ release from ryanodine-sensitive stores, and by 9-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (S…
The habilitation nursing of children with developmental disabilities—Beyond traditional nursing practices and principles?
2014
Research-based descriptions of the contents of the habilitation nursing of children with developmental disabilities are lacking. The objective of this qualitative study was to describe the habilitation nursing of children with developmental disabilities in a Finnish children’s neurological ward. In addition, the purpose was to outline the principles that directed the nursing functions (which consisted of various nursing interventions). The data collection included observation, a retrospective think-aloud method with video-taped nursing situations, the nursing records, and an open-ended questionnaire. The data were analysed with a qualitative content analysis of the manifest and latent conte…
Glutathione protects metastatic melanoma cells against oxidative stress in the murine hepatic microvasculature.
1998
Calcein-labeled B16 melanoma (B16M) cells were injected intraportally, and in vivo video microscopy was used to study the distribution and damage of cancer cells arrested in the liver microvasculature over a period of 4 hours. The contribution of glutathione (GSH)-dependent antioxidant machinery to the possible oxidative stress-resistance mechanism of B16M cell was determined by in vitro incubation with the selective inhibitor of GSH synthesis L-buthionine (S,R)-sulphoximine (BSO) before B16M cell injection in untreated and 0.5-mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. In addition, untreated and LPS-treated isolated syngeneic hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSE) were used to determ…
Computational fluid dynamics in the assessment of patients' postoperative status after glottis-widening surgery
2017
Background. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a rapidly developing instrument with a number of practical applications, allows calculation and visualization of the changing parameters of airflow in the upper respiratory tract. Objectives. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the advantages of CFD as an instrument for noninvasive tests of the larynx in patients who had undergone surgical treatment due to bilateral vocal fold paralysis. Material and Methods. Surface measurements of the glottic space were made during maximum adduction of the vocal folds. Additionally, the following spirometric parameters were determined: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first s…
Loss of self-control as excuse in group-therapy conversations for intimately violent men.
2006
This article examines the constructions of loss of self-control by male perpetrators of intimate violence in therapy-group conversations. It looks at discursive strategies used by therapists and clients in therapy-group negotiations concerning the issue of self-control. The data are part of a larger corpus of videotaped and transcribed recordings of treatment groups for male perpetrators and consists of four treatment group processes. The analysis concentrates on episodes of self-control talk where a participant referred to loss of self-control when accounting for his violent behavior. The loss of self-control was found to be a fundamental constituent of excuses and was used to account for …
Chronic social defeat stress causes retinal vascular dysfunction
2021
Abstract Purpose The roles of vascular dysfunction and chronic stress have been extensively discussed in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Our aim was to test whether chronic stress causes retinal vascular dysfunction and therewith induces retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss. Methods Twelve mice underwent chronic social defeat (CSD) stress, while 12 mice received control treatment only. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with a rebound tonometer. Blood plasma corticosterone concentration and adrenal gland weight were used to assess stress levels. Brn-3a staining in retinas and PPD staining in optic nerve cross sections were conducted to assess the survival of RGCs and axons respectively.…