Search results for " rule"
showing 10 items of 628 documents
Exploring the Background: Puzzles, Afterthoughts, and Replies
2017
In this paper I review the comments, and reply to the objections, put forward in the commentaries to my essay “Pre-conventions. A fragment of the Background”, published in issues n. 30 and 33 of Revus – Journal for Constitutional Theory and Philosophy of Law. My remarks fall under the following headings: 1. The social dimension of pre-conventions; 2. Pre-conventions and ordinary habits and dispositions; 3. Whether my examples are mistaken; 4. Reasons and causes; 5. Normative facts; 6. Whether abstract entities can be causes; 7. Are pre-conventions conditions of Lewis-conventions? 8. What can pre-conventions do for legal theory? 9. Whether I discharged my argumentative burdens. Raziskovanje …
Constructing Interpretable Classifiers to Diagnose Gastric Cancer Based on Breath Tests
2017
Quick, inexpensive and accurate diagnosis of gastric cancer is a necessity, but at this moment the available methods do not hold up. One of the most promising possibilities is breath test analysis, which is quick, relatively inexpensive and comfortable to the person tested. However, this method has not yet been well explored. Therefore in this article the authors propose using transparent classification models to explain diagnostic patterns and knowledge, which is acquired in the process. The models are induced using decision tree classification algorithms and RIPPER algorithm for decision rule induction. The accuracy of these models is compared to neural network accuracy.
Classical Training Methods
2006
This chapter reviews classical training methods for multilayer neural networks. These methods are widely used for classification and function modelling tasks. Nevertheless, they show a number of flaws or drawbacks that should be addressed in the development of such systems. They work by searching the minimum of an error function which defines the optimal behaviour of the neural network. Different standard problems are used to show the capabilities of these models; in particular, we have benchmarked the algorithms in a nonlinear classification problem and in three function modelling problems.
3D Matrix-Based Visualization System of Association Rules
2017
With the growing number of mining datasets, it becomes increasingly difficult to explore interesting rules because of the large number of resultant and its nature complexity. Studies on human perception and intuition show that graphical representation could be a better illustration of how to seek information from the data using the capabilities of human visual system. In this work, we present and implement a 3D matrix-based approach visualization system of association rules. The main visual representation applies the extended matrix-based approach with rule-to-items mapping to general transaction data set. A novel method merging rules and assigning weight is proposed in order to reduce the …
Discovering representative models in large time series databases
2004
The discovery of frequently occurring patterns in a time series could be important in several application contexts. As an example, the analysis of frequent patterns in biomedical observations could allow to perform diagnosis and/or prognosis. Moreover, the efficient discovery of frequent patterns may play an important role in several data mining tasks such as association rule discovery, clustering and classification. However, in order to identify interesting repetitions, it is necessary to allow errors in the matching patterns; in this context, it is difficult to select one pattern particularly suited to represent the set of similar ones, whereas modelling this set with a single model could…
Predicting hospital associated disability from imbalanced data using supervised learning.
2019
Hospitalization of elderly patients can lead to serious adverse effects on their functional capability. Identifying the underlying factors leading to such adverse effects is an active area of medical research. The purpose of the current paper is to show the potential of artificial intelligence in the form of machine learning to complement the existing medical research. This is accomplished by studying the outcome of hospitalization of elderly patients as a supervised learning task. A rich set of features characterizing the medical and social situation of elderly patients is leveraged and using confusion matrices, association rule mining, and two different classes of supervised learning algo…
The legal balance between liberty and equality
2021
The paper explores the specific legal balance between liberty and equality, distinguishing it from political theories and constitutional settings, where they are often considered in opposition. In order to find the specific legal balance between liberty and equality, and after identifying some of their relevant meanings for the purpose, it becomes necessary to focus on the rule of law, and to examine the relationship between liberty and equality in its different versions. Once the core meaning of the rule of law in terms of liberty and equality is enucleated, it is possible to consider extending it to the international field.
Study ofJ/ψ→pp¯andJ/ψ→nn¯
2012
The decays J/psi -> p (p) over bar and J/psi -> n (n) over bar have been investigated with a sample of 225.2 x 10(6) J/psi events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII e(+)e(-) collider. The branching fractions are determined to be B(J/psi -> p (p) over bar) = (2.112 +/- 0.004 +/- 0.031 x 10(-3) and B(J/psi -> n (n) over bar) =(2.07 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.17) x 10(-3). Distributions of the angle theta between the proton or antineutron and the beam direction are well described by the form 1 + alpha cos(2)theta, and we find alpha = 0.595 +/- 0.012 +/- 0.015 for J/psi -> p (p) over bar and alpha = 0.50 +/- 0.04 +/- 0.21 for J/psi -> n (n) over bar. Our branching- fraction results suggest a …
Rejection odds and rejection ratios: A proposal for statistical practice in testing hypotheses
2016
Much of science is (rightly or wrongly) driven by hypothesis testing. Even in situations where the hypothesis testing paradigm is correct, the common practice of basing inferences solely on p-values has been under intense criticism for over 50 years. We propose, as an alternative, the use of the odds of a correct rejection of the null hypothesis to incorrect rejection. Both pre-experimental versions (involving the power and Type I error) and post-experimental versions (depending on the actual data) are considered. Implementations are provided that range from depending only on the p-value to consideration of full Bayesian analysis. A surprise is that all implementations -- even the full Baye…
The droplet evaporation/condensation transition in a finite volume
2003
A fluid in the NVT ensemble at T less than the critical temperature T_c and rho = N/V somewhat in excess of rho_coex (density of the saturated gas in the gas-liquid transition) is considered. For V->infinity, a macroscopic liquid droplet coexists with surrounding saturated gas according to the lever rule. For finite V, droplets can only exist if they exceed a minimum size. A (rounded) first order transition of the system occurs when the droplet evaporates into the supersaturated gas.Simulation evidence for this transition is given for a Lennard-Jones model and interpreted by a phenomenological theory. At the transition, the chemical potential difference mu_t-mu_coex scales like L^(-d/(d+…