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Building the Defenses. The Construction Sites of the Fortifications of Trapani and Palermo in the First Decades of 16th Century
2016
La registrazione quotidiana di tutti i costi, comprese le retribuzioni dei lavoratori, era una prassi nei cantieri delle fortificazioni in Sicilia. Sfortunatamente questi registri sono andati perduti, con l'eccezione di un volume che registra i conti per la costruzione delle fortificazioni di Trapani nel 1527 e nel 1528, e altri due relativi a Palermo, che datano tra il 12 novembre del 1536 r il 23 agosto del 1539. Il registro relativo alle mura di Trapani testimonia l'andamento dei lavori di quello che può essere considerato il primo progetto in Sicilia per l'intero ridisegno delle difese urbiche secondo i principi della fortificazione all'italiana, e di certo la più importante opera dell'…
Binding of Insecticidal Crystal Proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis to the Midgut Brush Border of the Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepido…
1994
The susceptibility of Trichoplusia ni larvae to several Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) was tested. Neonatal larvae proved to be susceptible to solubilized trypsin-treated CryIA(a), CryIA(b), and CryIA(c) (50% lethal concentrations [LC 50 s], 570, 480, and 320 ng/cm 2 , respectively) but showed little susceptibility to CryIB and CryID (LC 50 s, 5,640 and 2,530 ng/cm 2 , respectively). The toxicity of ICPs was correlated to binding to the epithelial brush border of the midgut, as revealed by immunocytochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies. In vitro binding experiments with iodinated ICPs and brush border membrane vesicles indicated that CryIA(b) and CryIA(…
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF O2 Hb BINDING IN ANIMALS: SALMO IRIDEUS
1980
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the experimental results on study of the fine structure of O 2 Hb binding in animals. It is evident that the n ( S ) function represents a new tool to look at homotropic interactions, both qualitatively and quantitatively. At the moment, there are four applications: (1) study of molecular mechanism; (2) study of effectors, also pharmacological; (3) improved characterization of O 2 Hb binding, also in pathological cases; and (4) comparative studies in animals. Whole blood of fish is also investigated because usually there are found several hemoglobins. During registration of the O 2 binding curve, pH is not kept constant. Assuming that the Donnan fact…
Occurrence of three different binding sites forBacillus thuringiensisδ-endotoxins in the midgut brush border membrane of the potato tuber moth,phthor…
1994
The potato tuber moth is susceptible to at least three insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) from Bacillus thuringiensis: CrylA(b), CrylB, and CrylC. To design useful combinations of toxin genes either in transgenic plants or in new genetically modified B. thuringiensis strains, it is necessary to determine the binding characteristics of the different ICPs so as not to combine a pair sharing the same binding site. This has been accomplished using two different techniques: 125I-labeling of the ICPs with further measurement of the radioactivity bound to brush border membrane vesicles, and microscopic visualization of the bound ICPs by enzyme-linked reagents such as antibodies or streptavidin u…
Unshared binding sites for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa and Cry3Ca proteins in the weevil Cylas puncticollis (Brentidae)
2016
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa and Cry3Ca proteins have been reported to be toxic against the African sweetpotato pest Cylas puncticollis. In the present work, the binding sites of these proteins in C. puncticollis brush border vesicles suggest the occurrence of different binding sites, but only one of them is shared. Our results suggest that pest resistance mediated by alteration of the shared Cry-receptor binding site might not render both Cry proteins ineffective.
Extent of variation of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin reservoir: the case of the geranium bronze, Cacyreus marshalli butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenida…
2002
ABSTRACT Despite the fact that around 200 cry genes from Bacillus thuringiensis have already been cloned, only a few Cry proteins are toxic towards a given pest. A crucial step in the mode of action of Cry proteins is binding to specific sites in the midgut of susceptible insects. Binding studies in insects that have developed cross-resistance discourage the combined use of Cry proteins sharing the same binding site. If resistance management strategies are to be implemented, the arsenal of Cry proteins suitable to control a given pest may be not so vast as it might seem at first. The present study evaluates the potential of B. thuringiensis for the control of a new pest, the geranium bronze…
De novo CCND2 mutations leading to stabilization of cyclin D2 cause megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome
2014
Activating mutations in genes encoding phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway components cause megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome (MPPH, OMIM 603387)(1-3). Here we report that individuals with MPPH lacking upstream PI3K-AKT pathway mutations carry de novo mutations in CCND2 (encoding cyclin D2) that are clustered around a residue that can be phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase 313 (GSK-3 beta)(4). Mutant CCND2 was resistant to proteasomal degradation in vitro compared to wild-type CCND2. The PI3K-AKT pathway modulates GSK-3 beta activity(4), and cells from individuals with PIK3CA, PIK3R2 or AKT3 mutations showed similar CCND2 accumulation. CCND…
A mutation in the second intracellular loop of the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide type I receptor confers constitutive receptor a…
2000
AbstractThe pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) type I receptor belongs to the glucagon/secretin/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptor family. We mutated and deleted an amino acid residue (E261) which is located within the second intracellular loop of the rat PACAP type I receptor and which is highly conserved among the receptor family. The wild-type receptor and the mutant receptors were efficiently expressed at the surface of COS-7 cells at nearly the same level and revealed the same high affinity for the agonist PACAP-27. The cAMP contents of COS cells transfected with the E261A, E261Q, and the deletion mutant receptor were 4.6-, 5.7-, and 6.7-fold highe…
Henkilöiden väliset heikot ja vahvat siteet hajautetussa työssä : yhteistyötä tukevat teknologiat
2015
Lähivuosien teknologinen kehitys ja muutokset globaalissa taloudessa ovat muuttaneet monien alojen toimintaympäristöä merkittävästi. Ihmiset ovat yhteydessä toisiinsa informaatioteknologian avulla niin työssä kuin vapaa-ajallakin. Erityisesti tietotyössä on kasvava tarve hajautetulle työlle ja joustaville työjärjestelyille. Oikean yhteistyöteknologian valinta on yrityksille merkittävä liiketoimintaan vaikuttava tekijä. Tutkielman aiheena on tutkia henkilöiden välisiä siteitä (heikkoja ja vahvoja) ja sitä, kuinka niitä voidaan luoda tai ylläpitää yrityksessä tai organisaatiossa sosiaalisten ohjelmistojen avulla. Recent technological advances and changes in the global economy has had a major …
Substrate Selectivity of Coumarin Derivatives by Human CYP1 Enzymes: In Vitro Enzyme Kinetics and In Silico Modeling
2021
Of the three enzymes in the human cytochrome P450 family 1, CYP1A2 is an important enzyme mediating metabolism of xenobiotics including drugs in the liver, while CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 are expressed in extrahepatic tissues. Currently used CYP substrates, such as 7-ethoxycoumarin and 7-ethoxyresorufin, are oxidized by all individual CYP1 forms. The main aim of this study was to find profluorescent coumarin substrates that are more selective for the individual CYP1 forms. Eleven 3-phenylcoumarin derivatives were synthetized, their enzyme kinetic parameters were determined, and their interactions in the active sites of CYP1 enzymes were analyzed by docking and molecular dynamic simulations. All cou…