Search results for " sleep."
showing 10 items of 525 documents
Cannabis users have higher premorbid IQ than other patients with first onset psychosis.
2013
Background: A number of studies have reported that patients with psychosis who use cannabis have better cognitive performance than those who do not. This is surprising as cannabis can impair cognition in healthy subjects. An obvious question is whether the better current performance of psychotic patients who have used cannabis is a reflection of their having a higher premorbid IQ than those psychotic patients who haven't used cannabis. Aim: In a sample of patients at their first episode of psychosis, we tested the hypothesis that patients who smoked cannabis would have a higher premorbid IQ than patients who did not. Methodology: 279 participants (119 patients and 160 healthy controls) were…
Effects of REM sleep awakenings and related wakening paradigms on the ultradian sleep cycle and the symptoms in depression.
2002
In 1975 Vogel and coworkers published their classical study where they compared selective rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation by brief awakenings to a control intervention paradigm in depressed patients. The superior antidepressive impact of the first procedure was attributed to the REM pressure accumulating during the treatment period. The laborious procedure and the considerable effort necessary to evaluate the sleep profiles in real time have prevented similar experiments so far. Based on artificial neural networks we developed a software for the real time detection of REM sleep. In combination with an alarm system the algorithm allowed us to wake up subjects automatically and to …
Examination and treatment of sleep-related painful erections--a case report.
1989
The case of a patient with sleep-related painful erections is described. Insomnia and a slight depressive syndrome occurred along with a long history of this disorder. No physical abnormality was found. At a baseline recording of sleep electroencephalography (EEG) and nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT), a disturbed sleep pattern and impaired NPT were recorded. Attempts to treat the disorder with diazepam, amitriptyline, trimipramine, and biperidene did not prompt a stable improvement of the disorder, but a dosage of 25 mg clozapine was sufficient to achieve normalized sleep architecture, remission of the depressive symptomatology, and normalization of NPT. It is likely that marked sedation i…
Course of cognitive deficits in first episode of non-affective psychosis: a 3-year follow-up study.
2013
Abstract Cognitive dysfunctions are critical determinants of the quality of life and functionality in schizophrenia. Whether the cognitive deficits present at an early stage, are static or change across one's lifespan is still under debate. This study aims to investigate the long-term (3 years) course of cognitive deficits in a large and representative cohort of first episode schizophrenia spectrum patients (N = 155),and evaluate their influence on disability. In addition, a healthy control sample (N = 43) was also studied for comparison. This study evaluates the performance of patients and controls in a battery of cognitive assessments using baseline, 1-year and 3-year follow-up designs. T…
Randomized response estimates for the 12-month prevalence of cognitive-enhancing drug use in university students.
2013
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the 12-month prevalence of cognitive-enhancing drug use. DESIGN: Paper-and-pencil questionnaire that used the randomized response technique. SETTING: University in Mainz, Germany. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2569 university students who completed the questionnaire. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: An anonymous, specialized questionnaire that used the randomized response technique was distributed to students at the beginning of classes and was collected afterward. From the responses, we calculated the prevalence of students taking drugs only to improve their cognitive performance and not to treat underlying mental disorders such as attention-deficit-hyperactivity diso…
Oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea: Long-term adherence and patients experiences.
2018
Background Despite the advances in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with mandibular advancement appliances (MAA), their effectiveness is dependent on the patients’ compliance. Our aims were to evaluate the long-term adherence to MAA therapy and patients’ experiences of the treatment in OSA. Material and Methods Sixty-nine patients (52 males, 17 females; Mean age: 54.4±10.8 years) were included in the study. The subjects were mild (56%) and moderate (44%) OSA patients who had been treated using MAA at least 4 years prior to the study. A phone survey was used to determine the demographic characteristics of the patients, as well as to assess self-reported adherence to therapy, su…
Gender-specific anthropometric markers of adiposity, metabolic syndrome and visceral adiposity index (VAI) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
2013
Obstructive sleep apnea often coexists with visceral adiposity and metabolic syndrome. In this study, we analysed gender-related differences in anthropometrics according to sleep apnea severity and metabolic abnormalities. In addition, the visceral adiposity index, a recently introduced marker of cardiometabolic risk, was analysed. Consecutive subjects with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (n = 528, 423 males, mean age ± standard deviation: 51.3 ± 12.8 years, body mass index: 31.0 ± 6.2 kg m(-2) ) were studied by full polysomnography (apnea-hypopnea index 43.4 ± 27.6 h(-1) ). Variables of general and visceral adiposity were measured (body mass index, neck, waist and hip circumferences, wai…
Associations of disordered sleep with body fat distribution, physical activity and diet among overweight middle-aged men
2015
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether body fat distribution, physical activity levels and dietary intakes are associated with insomnia and/or obstructive sleep apnea among overweight middle-aged men. Participants were 211 Finnish men aged 30-65 years. Among the 163 overweight or obese participants, 40 had insomnia only, 23 had obstructive sleep apnea only, 24 had comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea and 76 were without sleep disorder. The remaining 48 participants had normal weight without sleep disorder. Fat mass, levels of physical activity and diet were assessed by dual-energy X-ray densitometry, physical activity questionnaire and 3-day food diary, respectivel…
Temporal relationship between nocturnal erections and rapid eye movement episodes in healthy men.
2003
The exact temporal relationship between spontaneous nocturnal erections and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was studied in healthy men with the aim of creating a basis for a more sophisticated analysis of nocturnal erection measurements in physiological research and clinical applications. The vast majority of erectile events was coupled to REM episodes, where the latency between the beginning of erections and REM episodes showed a large variability. Moreover, a correlation analysis revealed a highly significant decrease of the latency over the course of the night. The time variant properties of the coupling between erections and REM sleep point to more complex dynamics of the central control…
Different phase relationships between EEG frequency bands during NREM and REM sleep.
1997
Phase relationships between distinct frequency bands of the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) were studied in healthy subjects using cross-correlation coefficients, both over the entire night and separately for nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Over the entire night, a large positive correlation developed within high- and low-frequency bands, while a negative correlation emerged between low- and high-frequency bands, reflecting their reciprocal temporal course. More detailed analysis revealed different phase relationships during NREM and REM sleep. Findings during NREM were similar to the entire night. However, during REM, a large increase of the correlation be…