Search results for " solution"

showing 10 items of 3084 documents

Phase behaviour of poly(vinyl methyl ether)-cross-polystyrene semi-interpenetrating networks

1990

Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks of varying composition are prepared by crosslinking polystyrene containing a small number of maleic anhydride groups (4.8 mol% of MA units) with hexamethylene-diamine (HMDA) in the presence of linear poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME). Lightly crosslinked samples are homogeneous at room temperature and show a phase behaviour similar to uncrosslinked blends, i.e. lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behaviour. The influence of crosslinking on the phase behaviour has been studied by small angle light scattering (SALS) and turbidity measurements. The cloud point strongly depends on the heating rate. The presence of the network reduces the stable single…

SpinodalMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsScatteringSpinodal decompositionOrganic ChemistryThermodynamicsCondensed Matter PhysicsLower critical solution temperatureLight scatteringCondensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matterchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryPhase (matter)Temperature jumpPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryPolystyreneMakromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia
researchProduct

A Mesoporous 3D Hybrid Material with Dual Functionality for Hg2+Detection and Adsorption

2008

Dual-function hybrid material U1 was designed for simultaneous chromofluorogenic detection and removal of Hg(2+) in an aqueous environment. Mesoporous material UVM-7 (MCM41 type) with homogeneously distributed pores of about 2-3 nm in size, a large specific surface area exceeding 1000 m(2) g(-1), and nanoscale particles was used as an inorganic support. The mesoporous solid is decorated with thiol groups that were treated with squaraine dye III to give a 2,4-bis(4-dialkylaminophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-alkylsulfanylcyclobut-2-enone (APC) derivative that is covalently anchored to the inorganic silica matrix. The solid was characterised by various techniques including X-ray diffraction, transmission…

Squaraine dyeAqueous solutionMolecular StructureSurface PropertiesChemistrySilica gelOrganic ChemistryInorganic chemistryMercuryGeneral ChemistrySilicon DioxideCatalysischemistry.chemical_compoundAdsorptionSpecific surface areaOrganosilicon CompoundsAdsorptionParticle SizeMesoporous materialHybrid materialPorosityFluorescent DyesFumed silicaChemistry - A European Journal
researchProduct

Determination of ammonia and primary amine compounds and Kjeldahl nitrogen in water samples with a modified Roth's fluorimetric method.

2005

Abstract A method for the simultaneous determination of primary amino groups and ammonium ion has been proposed. The method is based in solution derivatization with o-Phthaldialdehyde/N-acetyl-cisteine (OPA/NAC) and fluorescence measurement of the formed isoindols. Analytical characteristics and description of the developed procedure have been provided. The calibration graphs for ammonium (up to 1.44 mg L−1 of N) and methylamine as primary amino model compound (up to 0.282 mg L−1 of N), were obtained. Bivariate and multivariate calibration models have been tested. The limits of detection were 0.07 mg L−1 of N and 0.004 mg L−1 of N for ammonium and amine, respectively. The procedure was firs…

Standard curveAmmoniachemistry.chemical_compoundChromatographyChemistryMethylamineFluorescence spectrometryAmmoniumStandard solutionDerivatizationKjeldahl methodAnalytical ChemistryTalanta
researchProduct

Towards minimization of chlorinated solvents consume in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy determination of Propamocarb in pesticide formulation…

2008

Abstract A method has been developed for Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy determination of Propamocarb in emulsifiable pesticide concentrate formulations. Five microliter sample was directly injected without any pretreatment in a CHCl 3 stream at 2 mL min −1 into a closed system and the FTIR spectra of sample and standard solutions were obtained using a nominal resolution of 4 cm −1 from 4000 to 900 cm −1 spectral region and accumulating 2 scans per spectrum. Propamocarb determination was based on the measurement of flow injection analysis (FIA) recording height established from FTIR peak area measurements from 1713 to 1703 cm −1 corrected using a baseline defined at 2000 cm −…

Standard curveDetection limitFlow injection analysischemistry.chemical_compoundChromatographychemistryAnalytical chemistryInfrared spectroscopyPropamocarbFourier transform infrared spectroscopyStandard solutionFourier transform spectroscopyAnalytical ChemistryTalanta
researchProduct

Hydroxypropylcellulose as a novel green reservoir for the synthesis, stabilization, and storage of silver nanoparticles

2015

Muhammad Ajaz Hussain,1 Abdullah Shah,1 Ibrahim Jantan,2 Muhammad Raza Shah,3 Muhammad Nawaz Tahir,4 Riaz Ahmad,5 Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari2 1Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan; 2Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 3International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; 4Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Guttenberg University, Duesbergweg, Mainz, Germany; 5Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP), GC University, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract: Polysaccharides are attracting the vigil eye of…

Staphylococcus aureusSilverMaterials scienceScanning electron microscopeDrug StorageBiophysicsMetal NanoparticlesPharmaceutical ScienceBioengineeringNanotechnologyNanoreactorMicroscopy Atomic Forcenanobiotechnologyantimicrobial assaySilver nanoparticlestorageBiomaterialsAnti-Infective AgentsMicroscopy Electron TransmissionX-Ray DiffractionInternational Journal of NanomedicinePhase (matter)Spectroscopy Fourier Transform InfraredDrug DiscoveryEscherichia coliStaphylococcus epidermidisThin filmCelluloseOriginal ResearchAqueous solutiongreen synthesisOrganic Chemistrytechnology industry and agricultureGreen Chemistry TechnologyGeneral MedicinestabilityTransmission electron microscopyPseudomonas aeruginosaMicroscopy Electron ScanningSunlightAspergillus nigernanoreactorAbsorption (chemistry)Bacillus subtilisNuclear chemistryInternational Journal of Nanomedicine
researchProduct

Note brevi a margine della proposta di riforma dei reati ambientali del gruppo di studio dell'associazione dei professori di diritto penale

2022

A partire dall’analisi della proposta di riforma dei reati contro l’ambiente elaborata dal Gruppo di studio dell’Associazione italiana dei Professori di Diritto Penale, il contributo riflette sui principali problemi teorici del diritto penale ambientale (tipizzazione dell’evento lesivo nelle fattispecie di inquinamento e di disastro ambientale, imputazione soggettiva dei delitti aggravati dall’evento, contrasto penale alle c.d. “ecomafie” nel settore dei rifiuti ecc.), mettendo a confronto le soluzioni suggerite nel testo con le prospettive di riforma contenute nella recente Proposta di Direttiva del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio sulla Protezione dell’ambiente at- traverso il diritto p…

Starting from the analysis of the proposal for the reform of crimes against the environment drawn up by the Study Group of the Italian Association of Professors of Criminal Law the paper reflects on the main theoretical problems of environmental criminal law (typification of the event in pollution crime and environmental disaster crime mental element of crimes aggravated by the event fight to the so-called “ecomafie” in the waste sector etc.) comparing the solutions suggested in the text with the recent Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Protection of the Environment through Criminal Law that replaces Directive 2008/99.Settore IUS/17 - Diritto Penale
researchProduct

ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF INITIAL CONDITIONS LEADING TO FIRING IN NERVE FIBERS

2007

International audience; An analytical solution characterizing initial conditions leading to action potential firing in smooth nerve fibers is determined, using the bistable equation. In the first place, we present a nontrivial stationary solution wave, then, using the perturbative method, we analyze the stability of this stationary wave. We show that it corresponds to a frontier between the initiation of the travelling waves and a decay to the resting state. Eventually, this analytical approach is extended to FitzHugh-Nagumo model.

StationarityBistability[PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph][MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS][ MATH.MATH-DS ] Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS][MATH.MATH-DS] Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS]01 natural sciencesStability (probability)010305 fluids & plasmasStanding waveOptics[MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph]0103 physical sciencesReaction–diffusion systemTraveling wave[MATH.MATH-MP] Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph]0101 mathematicsEngineering (miscellaneous)PhysicsQuantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognitionbusiness.industry[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neurosciencenerve fibersApplied Mathematics[SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neurosciencereaction-diffusion[ MATH.MATH-MP ] Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph]Mechanics[PHYS.MPHY] Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph]010101 applied mathematicsModeling and Simulation[ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience[ PHYS.MPHY ] Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph]Action potential firingbusinessStationary solutionnerve fibers.International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos
researchProduct

Time-dependent weak rate of convergence for functions of generalized bounded variation

2016

Let $W$ denote the Brownian motion. For any exponentially bounded Borel function $g$ the function $u$ defined by $u(t,x)= \mathbb{E}[g(x{+}\sigma W_{T-t})]$ is the stochastic solution of the backward heat equation with terminal condition $g$. Let $u^n(t,x)$ denote the corresponding approximation generated by a simple symmetric random walk with time steps $2T/n$ and space steps $\pm \sigma \sqrt{T/n}$ where $\sigma > 0$. For quite irregular terminal conditions $g$ (bounded variation on compact intervals, locally H\"older continuous) the rate of convergence of $u^n(t,x)$ to $u(t,x)$ is considered, and also the behavior of the error $u^n(t,x)-u(t,x)$ as $t$ tends to $T$

Statistics and ProbabilityApproximation using simple random walkweak rate of convergence01 natural sciencesStochastic solution41A25 65M15 (Primary) 35K05 60G50 (Secondary)010104 statistics & probabilityExponential growthFOS: Mathematics0101 mathematicsBrownian motionstokastiset prosessitMathematicsosittaisdifferentiaaliyhtälötApplied MathematicsProbability (math.PR)010102 general mathematicsMathematical analysisfinite difference approximation of the heat equationFunction (mathematics)Rate of convergenceBounded functionBounded variationnumeerinen analyysiapproksimointiStatistics Probability and UncertaintyMathematics - ProbabilityStochastic Analysis and Applications
researchProduct

Replication invariance on NTU games

2001

Two concepts of replication (conflictual and non-conflictual) are extended from the class of pure bargaining games to the class of NTU games. The behavior of the Harsanyi, Shapley NTU, Egalitarian and Maschler-Owen solutions of the replica games is compared with that of the Nash and Egalitarian solutions in pure bargaining games.

Statistics and ProbabilityEconomics and EconometricsClass (set theory)Mathematics (miscellaneous)ReplicaStatistics Probability and UncertaintyMathematical economicsSocial Sciences (miscellaneous)Replication (computing)NTU games · NTU solutions · replicationMathematicsInternational Journal of Game Theory
researchProduct

Mean-field games and dynamic demand management in power grids

2013

This paper applies mean-field game theory to dynamic demand management. For a large population of electrical heating or cooling appliances (called agents), we provide a mean-field game that guarantees desynchronization of the agents thus improving the power network resilience. Second, for the game at hand, we exhibit a mean-field equilibrium, where each agent adopts a bang-bang switching control with threshold placed at a nominal temperature. At equilibrium, through an opportune design of the terminal penalty, the switching control regulates the mean temperature (computed over the population) and the mains frequency around the nominal value. To overcome Zeno phenomena we also adjust the ban…

Statistics and ProbabilityEconomics and EconometricsMains electricityViscosity solutionDynamic demand managementPopulationDistributional solutionsInterval (mathematics)law.inventionSettore ING-INF/04 - AutomaticalawControl theoryEconomicseducationeducation.field_of_studyApplied MathematicsComputer Graphics and Computer-Aided DesignThermostatMean field gameComputer Science ApplicationsPower (physics)Computational MathematicsComputational Theory and MathematicsTerminal (electronics)Dynamic demandSettore MAT/09 - Ricerca OperativaGame theoryMathematical economics
researchProduct