Search results for " stem"

In vivo stimulation of murine haematopoiesis by the antineoplastic agent bryostatin-1

1990

Roflumilast inhibits leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, expression of adhesion molecules and microvascular permeability

2007

Background and purpose: The present study addressed the effects of the investigational PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast on leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and endothelial permeability in vivo and in vitro. Experimental approach: In vivo, intravital video-microscopy was used to determine effects of roflumilast p.o. on leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and microvascular permeability in rat mesenteric venules. In vitro, the effects of roflumilast N-oxide, the active metabolite of roflumilast in humans, and other PDE4 inhibitors on neutrophil adhesion to tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα)-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), E-selectin expression and thrombin-induced e…

Murine embryonic stem cell line CGR8 expresses all subtypes of muscarinic receptors and multiple nicotinic receptor subunits: Down-regulation of α4- …

2015

Non-neuronal acetylcholine mediates its cellular effects via stimulation of the G-protein-coupled muscarinic receptors and the ligand-gated ion channel nicotinic receptors. The murine embryonic stem cell line CGR8 synthesizes and releases non-neuronal acetylcholine. In the present study a systematic investigation of the expression of nicotinic receptor subunits and muscarinic receptors was performed, when the stem cells were grown in the presence or absence of LIF, as the latter condition induces early differentiation. CGR8 cells expressed multiple nicotinic receptor subtypes (α3, α4, α7, α9, α10, β1, β2, β3, β4, γ, δ, e) and muscarinic receptors (M1, M3, M4, M5); M2 was detected only in 2 …

Activation of Neurogenesis in Multipotent Stem Cells Cultured In Vitro and in the Spinal Cord Tissue After Severe Injury by Inhibition of Glycogen Sy…

2020

AbstractThe inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) can induce neurogenesis, and the associated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling via GSK-3 inhibition may represent a means to promote motor function recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) via increased astrocyte migration, reduced astrocyte apoptosis, and enhanced axonal growth. Herein, we assessed the effects of GSK-3 inhibition in vitro on the neurogenesis of ependymal stem/progenitor cells (epSPCs) resident in the mouse spinal cord and of human embryonic stem cell–derived neural progenitors (hESC-NPs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived neural progenitors (hiPSC-NPs) and in vivo on spinal cord tissue regenera…

cGMP modulates stem cells differentiation to neurons in brain in vivo pathological implications

2011

During brain development there is a strict control of the proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural stem cells to different cell types. Alterations in the control of these processes may result in altered balance in the formation of different cell types resulting in a long-lasting impairment of cerebral processes. This occurs for example if brain is exposed to alcohol during key stages of development which results in accelerated glial cells formation, impaired neuron formation and impaired cognitive function. The molecular mechanisms modulating differentiation of neural stem cells to neurons or non neuronal cells are not well known. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a relevant role in thi…

A New Aromatic Compound from the Stem Bark of Terminalia catappa

2015

A new aromatic compound 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-1- O-(4-sulfo)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), in addition to two triterpenoid saponins (chebuloside II, arjunoglucoside II), two triterpenes (arjunolic acid and 3-betulinic acid) and sitosterol-3- O-β-D-glucopyranoside have been isolated from the barks of Terminalia catappa. Their structures have been established on the basis of spectroscopic techniques (1D/2D NMR) and MS. Their cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity, together with the antioxidant capacity of compound 1 were also evaluated.

Effect of two phenanthrene alkaloids on angiotensin II-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactionsin vivo

2003

The present study has evaluated the effect of two phenanthrene alkaloids, uvariopsine and stephenanthrine, on angiotensin II (Ang-II)-induced leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions in vivo and the mechanisms involved in their activity. Intravital microscopy within the rat mesenteric microcirculation was used. A 60 min superfusion with 1 nM Ang-II induced a significant increase in the leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions that were completely inhibited by 1 μM uvariopsine cosuperfusion. A lower dose of 0.1 μM significantly reduced Ang-II-induced leukocyte adhesion by 75%. When Ang-II was cosuperfused with 1 and 0.1 μM stephenanthrine, Ang-II-induced leukocyte responses were significantly …

Cyclic AMP elevating agents and nitric oxide modulate angiotensin II-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactionsin vivo

2001

Angiotensin (Ang-II) is a key molecule in the development of cardiac ischaemic disorders and displays proinflammatory activity in vivo. Since intracellular cyclic nucleotides elevating agents have proved to be effective modulators of leukocyte recruitment, we have evaluated their effect on Ang-II-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vivo using intravital microscopy within the rat mesenteric microcirculation. Pretreatment with iloprost significantly inhibited (1 nM) Ang-II-induced increase in leukocyte rolling flux, adhesion and emigration at 60 min by 96, 92 and 90% respectively, and returned leukocyte rolling velocity to basal levels. Pretreatment with salbutamol or co-superf…

Amphotericin B severely affects expression and activity of the endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase involving altered mRNA stability

2000

The therapeutic use of the antifungal drug amphotericin B (AmB) is limited due to severe side effects like glomerular vasoconstriction and risk of renal failure during AmB administration. As nitric oxide (NO) has substantial functions in renal autoregulation, we have determined the effects of AmB on endothelial constitutive NO synthase (ecNOS) expression and activity in human and rat endothelial cell cultures. AmB used at concentrations of 0.6 to 1.25 μg ml−1 led to increases in ecNOS mRNA and protein expression as well as NO production. This was the result of an increased ecNOS mRNA half-life. In contrast, incubation of cells with higher albeit subtoxic concentrations of AmB (2.5–5.0 μg ml…

A portable NMR sensor to measure dynamic changes in the amount of water in living stems or fruit and its potential to measure sap flow.

2014

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and NMR imaging (magnetic resonance imaging) offer the possibility to quantitatively and non-invasively measure the presence and movement of water. Unfortunately, traditional NMR hardware is expensive, poorly suited for plants, and because of its bulk and complexity, not suitable for use in the field. But does it need to be? We here explore how novel, small-scale portable NMR devices can be used as a flow sensor to directly measure xylem sap flow in a poplar tree (Populus nigra L.), or in a dendrometer-like fashion to measure dynamic changes in the absolute water content of fruit or stems. For the latter purpose we monitored the diurnal pattern of growth, ex…