Search results for " table"
showing 10 items of 560 documents
Sequentially Rejective Test Procedures for Detecting Outlying Cells in One- and Two-Sample Multinomial Experiments
1985
For multiple testing of multinomial models in the case of one or two samples we propose using test procedures based on the principle described by MARCUS, PERITZ and GABRIEL (1976). These methods are based in each step of the sequentially rejective strategy on tests which exhaust the full α level (i.e. which are not conservative). The tests can be performed in a finite or asymptotic version.
Weighted samples, kernel density estimators and convergence
2003
This note extends the standard kernel density estimator to the case of weighted samples in several ways. In the first place I consider the obvious extension by substituting the simple sum in the definition of the estimator by a weighted sum, but I also consider other alternatives of introducing weights, based on adaptive kernel density estimators, and consider the weights as indicators of the informational content of the observations and in this sense as signals of the local density of the data. All these ideas are shown using the Penn World Table in the context of the macroeconomic convergence issue.
Assessing implicit hypotheses in life table construction
2016
AbstractMortality figures are of capital importance for policy-making and public planning, as in forecasting financial provisions in public pension systems. General population life tables are constructed from aggregated statistics, an issue that usually entails adopting some (implicit) assumptions in their construction, such as the hypothesis of closed demographic system or the hypotheses of uniform distributions of death counts (and migration events) by age and calendar year. As microdata have become more abundant and reliable, these hypotheses could be assessed and more assumption-free estimators employed. Using a real database from Spain, we show that the above hypotheses are not appropr…
Estimation of the Combined Effects of Ageing and Seasonality on Mortality Risk: An Application to Spain
2021
Abstract Despite the overwhelming evidence that shows the persistence of intra-annual variations on demographic events (deaths, birth dates and migration flows), life tables are computed and provided on an annual basis. This paper develops a new estimator for estimating sub-annual death rates that, considering the exact moment of occurrence (exact age and day) of events, concurrently accounts for ageing and calendar fluctuations. This paper also shows how modelling the intra-annual variations of death rates, through specific seasonal–ageing indexes, can be used as a tool for constructing new sub-annual tables from annual tables. This new methodology is exemplified using a real database of S…
Assessing uncertainty of voter transitions estimated from aggregated data. Application to the 2017 French presidential election
2020
[EN] Inferring electoral individual behaviour from aggregated data is a very active research area, with ramifications in sociology and political science. A new approach based on linear programming is proposed to estimate voter transitions among parties (or candidates) between two elections. Compared to other linear and quadratic programming models previously published, our approach presents two important innovations. Firstly, it explicitly deals with new entries and exits in the election census without assuming unrealistic hypotheses, enabling a reasonable estimation of vote behaviour of young electors voting for the first time. Secondly, by exploiting the information contained in the model…
A geostatistical approach for dynamic life tables: The effect of mortality on remaining lifetime and annuities
2010
Dynamic life tables arise as an alternative to the standard (static) life table, with the aim of incorporating the evolution of mortality over time. The parametric model introduced by Lee and Carter in 1992 for projected mortality rates in the US is one of the most outstanding and has been used a great deal since then. Different versions of the model have been developed but all of them, together with other parametric models, consider the observed mortality rates as independent observations. This is a difficult hypothesis to justify when looking at the graph of the residuals obtained with any of these methods. Methods of adjustment and prediction based on geostatistical techniques which expl…
Unacceptable implications of the left haar measure in a standard normal theory inference problem
1978
For a very common statistical problem, inference about the mean of a normal random variable, some inadmissible consequences of the left Haar invariant prior measure, which is that recommended as a suitable prior by Jeffreys’ multivariate rule and by the methods of Villegas and Kashyap, are uncovered and investigated.
Modelling residuals dependence in dynamic life tables: A geostatistical approach
2008
The problem of modelling dynamic mortality tables is considered. In this context, the influence of age on data graduation needs to be properly assessed through a dynamic model, as mortality progresses over the years. After detrending the raw data, the residuals dependence structure is analysed, by considering them as a realisation of a homogeneous Gaussian random field defined on R × R. This setting allows for the implementation of geostatistical techniques for the estimation of the dependence and further interpolation in the domain of interest. In particular, a complex form of interaction between age and time is considered, by taking into account a zonally anisotropic component embedded in…
A comparison of nonparametric methods in the graduation of mortality: Application to data from the Valencia Region (Spain)
2006
[EN] The nonparametric graduation of mortality data aims to estimate death rates by carrying out a smoothing of the crude rates obtained directly from original data. The main difference with regard to parametric models is that the assumption of an age-dependent function is unnecessary, which is advantageous when the information behind the model is unknown, as one cause of error is often the choice of an inappropriate model. This paper reviews the various alternatives and presents their application to mortality data from the Valencia Region, Spain. The comparison leads us to the conclusion that the best model is a smoothing by means of Generalised Additive Models (GAM) with splines. The most…
13C and15N NMR chemical shift assignments ofN-1-(2- azidoethyl)-4-R-pyrimidin-2-ones by1H,X HMQ(B)C withz-gradient selection
1998
13C and 15N NMR chemical shift assignments based on z-gradient selected 1H,X (X=13C and 15N) HMQC and HMBC experiments are reported for N-1-(2-azidoethyl)pyrimidin-2-one (ring system of cytosine), its five 4-R derivatives [where R=NH2, OCH3, N(CH2)4, NHCH2CH(CH3)2 and N(CH3)2] and 2-azidoethyl tosylate. The possibilities of detecting all nitrogens in these molecules containing (i) an azido group at N-1 and (ii) an electronegative substituent at C-4 are limited. First, the terminal nitrogen of the azido group is difficult to observe because the nearest proton (in a CH2 group) is located four bonds away from it. Second, in contrast to N-1, N-3 in N-1-(2-azido-ethyl)-4-pyrimidin-2-ones remaine…