Search results for " tolerance"
showing 10 items of 760 documents
Susceptibility and resistance to ethanol in Saccharomyces strains isolated from wild and fermentative environments
2010
11 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables.-- Article first published online: 8 SEP 2010
Clinical Predictors of Immunotolerance in Heart Transplantation
2010
Abstract Background and Aim The drugs routinely administered to prevent rejection often cause lethal side effects. Tolerant patients, therefore, should be identified to minimize these problems. The aim of this analysis was to identify clinical variables that may be associated with tolerance. Methods We recruited 522 heart transplants (HT), excluding combined procedures, retransplantations, pediatric recipients, and subjects who died in the first year to obtain a cohort of 375 patients. Two groups were distinguished by the presence of echocardiographic, clinical, or pathological evidence of rejection in the first year (15 echocardiograms and 10 protocol biopsies per patient); 99 tolerant pat…
HCV-induced immune responses influence the development of operational tolerance after liver transplantation in humans.
2014
Pathogen-induced immune responses prevent the establishment of transplantation tolerance in experimental animal models. Whether this occurs in humans as well remains unclear. The development of operational tolerance in liver transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection allows us to address this question. We conducted a clinical trial of immunosuppression withdrawal in HCV-infected adult liver recipients to elucidate (i) the mechanisms through which allograft tolerance can be established in the presence of an ongoing inflammatory response and (ii) whether anti-HCV heterologous immune responses influence this phenomenon. Of 34 enrolled liver recipients, drug withdrawal…
A distinct subset of HLA-DR+-regulatory T cells is involved in the induction of preterm labor during pregnancy and in the induction of organ rejectio…
2010
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to suppress alloimmune responses during pregnancy and post organ transplantation. We demonstrate that a distinct subset of FoxP3(+)DR(+)-Tregs among the total CD4(+)CD127(low+/-)CD25(+)-Treg cell pool is critically involved in preterm labor induction and kidney transplant rejection as well. Compared to healthy pregnancies and non-rejecting kidney recipients, we found that the percentage of the FoxP3(+)DR(+)-Treg subset was not reduced, but that the level of HLA-DR expression of such Tregs was strongly diminished in preterm laboring women and in patients with acute renal allograft rejection. In addition, both patient collectives showed a significantly red…
MicroRNAs in solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation: Potential biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic use
2020
Abstract Nowadays, solid organ transplantation (SOT) is an established treatment for patients with end-organ dysfunction, which dramatically improves the quality-of-life. Vascularized composite allotransplants (VCAs) including hand and face have been reported worldwide over the last 20 years. However, VCAs, differently to SOT, are life-enhancing instead of life-saving and are not routinely performed due to the risk of immune rejection and the adverse effects of immunosuppression. Over the past decade, although considerable improvements in short-term outcomes after allotransplantation have been registered, these results have not been translated into major progress in long-term allograft acce…
Whole-Cell Biocatalysis in Seawater: New Halotolerant Yeast Strains for the Regio- and Stereoselectivity Reduction of 1-Phenylpropane-1,2-Dione in Sa…
2020
The application of green chemistry concepts in catalysis has considerably increased in recent years, and the interest in using sustainable solvents in the chemical industry is growing. One of the recent proposals to fall in line with this is to employ seawater as a solvent in biocatalytic processes. This involves selecting halotolerant strains capable of carrying out chemical conversions in the presence of the salt concentrations found in this solution. Recent studies by our group have revealed the interest in using strains belonging to Debaryomyces and Schwanniomyces for catalytic processes run in this medium. In the present work, we select other yeasts based on their halotolerance to wide…
The role of HLA-G for protection of human renal cell-carcinoma cells from immune-mediated lysis: implications for immunotherapies.
2003
HLA-G as a non-classical MHC class I molecule exhibits a limited tissue distribution and exerts multiple immune regulatory functions including the induction of immune tolerance. In addition, HLA-G has been detected in some tumors of different histology and therefore may represent a novel immune escape mechanism of tumor cells. Despite the immunogenicity of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), outgrowth of tumor cells occurs which might be attributable to abrogation of efficient anti-tumor responses. We here review the potential role of HLA-G in RCC immunology, the HLA-G expression pattern and its functional consequences on immune responses. A heterogenous constitutive and interferon- inducible HLA-G…
Psychodynamic Motivation and Training program (PMT) for the secondary prevention in patients with stable coronary heart disease: study protocol for a…
2013
Background Nonpharmacological secondary prevention of coronary heart disease is considered a safe and effective measure to substantially reduce mortality. Despite the effectiveness of lifestyle changes, the compliance rate of patients is very low mainly due to psychosocial barriers. Psychotherapeutic approaches that address how persons think about themselves and their behaviors appear to have a significant potential for improving health behavior. Methods/design Against this background, our study aims to examine the feasibility and effects of a Psychodynamic Motivation and Training program (PMT) as compared to one session of advice in exercise training (EX) and treatment as usual (TAU). For …
Nitrate tolerance as a model of vascular dysfunction: Roles for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and mitochondrial oxidative stress
2008
Organic nitrates are a group of very effective anti-ischemic drugs. They are used for the treatment of patients with stable angina, acute myocardial infarction and chronic congestive heart failure. A major therapeutic limitation inherent to organic nitrates is the development of tolerance, which occurs during chronic treatment with these agents. The mechanisms underlying nitrate tolerance remain incompletely defined and are likely multifactorial. One mechanism seems to be a diminished bioconversion of nitroglycerin, another seems to be the induction of vascular oxidative stress, and a third may include neurohumoral adaptations. Recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial reactive oxygen…