Search results for " training."

Effect of Physical Training on Enzyme Activities of Bones, Tendons and Skeletal Muscles in Mice

1975

According to several recent papers the activity of some enzymes of energy yielding metabolic pathways increases by endurance training in muscles, but it is not yet known whether similar changes occur also in connective tissues. Some structural, chemical, physical and metabolic changes, however, appear in connective tissues during adaptation to physical exercise. Physical training produces hypertrophy of e.g. tendon and articular cartilage in young rabbits [6] and increases the tensile strength of tendons and breaking strength of bones in growing mice [7]. The level of physical activity affects the turnover of collagen in long bones and Achilles tendons of mice [4] and also affects the miner…

Effect of a HIIT protocol on the lower limb muscle power, ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic balance in a sedentary type 1 diabetes mellitus population: …

2020

Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is commonly associated with premature loss of muscle function, ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic balance. Those impairments, usually, lead to physical functionality deterioration. High-intensity interval training is an efficient and safety methodology since it prevents hypoglycemia and not requires much time, which are the main barriers for this population to practice exercise and increase physical conditioning. We hypothesized that a 6-week HIIT program performed on a cycle ergometer would increase lower limb muscle power, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic balance without hypoglycemic situations. Methods A total of 19 diagnosed T1DM sub…

Postoperative education concerning the use of the upper limb, and exercise and treatment of the upper limb: cross-sectional survey of 105 breast canc…

2003

In this retrospective survey we investigated the recall of breast cancer patients (n=105) 6 months after the operation concerning postoperative instructions on exercises for shoulder mobility, and instructions for oedema prevention and treatment, upper limb strength training and the use of the upper limb in daily activities. Patients also described the content in their own words and ranked the instructors who had mostly given this education. Operation type and length of hospital stay did not have any effect on the education recalled, but the age of the respondent had some effect (r=−0.23, p<0.05). The Wilcoxon signed ranks test showed that the most commonly reported item was instructions on…

2020

Healthy aging is associated with deficits in focused and sustained attention and executive functions. However, cognitive training (CT) provides a promising method to counteract these deficits. In the present randomized controlled study, we examined to what extent CT regimes can improve attention, verbal skills, and inhibition capacities. Over a period of 16 weeks, healthy older adults (65 years and older, mean: 70 years) received a trainer-guided multidomain paper-and-pencil and computerized CT. Pre- and post-training, a battery of psychometric tests was applied that measured the critical functions. This study used two control groups: a passive control and an active control group performing…

Efficacy of a Training on Executive Functions in Potentiating Rehabilitation Effects in Stroke Patients

2021

Cognitive impairment after a stroke has a direct impact on patients’ disability. In particular, impairment of Executive Functions (EFs) interferes with re-adaptation to daily life. The aim of this study was to explore whether adding a computer-based training on EFs to an ordinary rehabilitation program, regardless of the specific brain damage and clinical impairment (motor, language, or cognitive), could improve rehabilitation outcomes in patients with stroke. An EF training was designed to have minimal motor and expressive language demands and to be applied to a wide range of clinical conditions. A total of 37 stroke patients were randomly assigned to two groups: a training group, which pe…

Concentric and/or Eccentric Training-Induced Alterations in Shoulder Flexor and Extensor Strength

1997

To examine the effect of specific concentric and eccentric training on muscular strength following an initial standardized period of excessive training, shoulder extensors and flexors were tested. The shoulder is a joint particularly susceptible to injury and requires a specific strength training program. For a period of 12 weeks, subjects performed training, including concentric and eccentric actions. Thereafter, they were divided into three groups that performed specific 12-week programs, including either concentric (C-E/C), eccentric (C-E/E), or a combination of both concentric and eccentric exercises (C-E/C-E). Following the initial period of training, significant increases (p0.05) in p…

Rotational flywheel training in youth female team sport athletes: could inter-repetition movement variability be beneficial?

2020

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of an inter-repetition variable rotational flywheel training program (Variable) over standard rotational flywheel training (Standard). Methods: Twenty-four youth female team-sports players were randomly assigned to both training groups (Variable, n = 12; Standard, n = 12), which consisted of 1 set of 3 rotational flywheel exercises x 10-12 repetitions, biweekly for a period of 6-weeks. The participants included in Variable group were instructed to perform the movement randomly in one of the three directions (0o, 45o right, and 45o left). Measurements included reactive strength, jumping, change of direction, and sprinting tests; pa…

Type IV collagen and laminin in slow and fast skeletal muscle in rats--effects of age and life-time endurance training.

1988

The changes in the biochemical composition of basement membrane (BM) in slow-twitch (m. soleus, MS) and fast-twitch (m. rectus femoris, MRF) skeletal muscles of rats were studied during aging and life-time endurance training (treadmill running). The concentrations of the 7S domain of type IV collagen and of the P2 fragment of laminin were determined with radioimmunoassays in the muscles of rats aged 1, 2, 4, 10, and 24 months. The concentration of type IV collagen was higher in MS than in MRF and increased significantly with age. At older ages, the concentration tended to be higher in the MS of trained than untrained rats. The concentration of laminin was significantly higher in MRF than in…

Muscle hypertrophy, strength development, and serum hormones during strength training in elderly women with fibromyalgia.

2005

To examine the effects of strength training on maximal force, cross-sectional area (CSA), and electromyographic (EMG) activity of muscles and serum hormone concentrations in elderly females with fibromyalgia (FM).Twenty-six patients with FM were randomly assigned to a training (FMT; n = 13; mean age 60 years) or a control (FMC; n = 13; 59 years) group. FMT performed progressive strength training twice a week for 21 weeks. The measurements included maximal isometric and concentric leg extension forces, EMG activity of the vastus lateralis and medialis, CSA of the quadriceps femoris, and serum concentrations of testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth…

OGT and OGA expression in postmenopausal skeletal muscle associates with hormone replacement therapy and muscle cross-sectional area

2013

Protein glycosylation via O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is an important post-translational regulatory mechanism mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and responsive to nutrients and stress. OGT attaches an O-GlcNAc moiety to proteins, while O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes O-GlcNAc removal. In skeletal muscle of experimental animals, prolonged increase in O-GlcNAcylation associates with age and muscle atrophy. Here we examined the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and power training (PT) on muscle OGT and OGA gene expression in postmenopausal women generally prone to age-related muscle weakness. In addition, the associations of OGT and OGA gene expressions with…