Search results for " training."

Changes in Postural Balance in Frail Elderly Women during a 4-Week Visual Feedback Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2002

<i>Background:</i> Balance training programs have not shown consistent results among older adults, and it remains unclear how different training methods can be adapted to frail elderly people. <i>Objective: </i>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 4-week visual feedback-based balance training on the postural control of frail elderly women living in residential care homes. <i>Methods:</i> Elderly women of two residential care facilities were randomized to an exercise group (EG, n = 20) and to a control group (CG, n = 7). The EG participated in training sessions three times/week for 4 weeks. The exercises were carried out with a com…

Effects of strength and endurance training on muscle fibrecharacteristics in elderly women

1997

The effects of 18 weeks' intensive strength and endurance training on fibre characteristics of the vastus lateralis muscle were studied in 76- to 78-year-old women. Type I and type IIa fibres constituted over 90% of the cell population and were almost equally represented. No changes were observed in the proportions of the different fibre types. When comparing the baseline and the 18-week measurements within the groups, the strength group showed a mean increase of 34% (P = 0.028) in mean type I fibre area. The frequency histograms showed an increased proportion of larger type I fibres after strength training and a decreased proportion of smaller type IIa fibres after endurance training. In t…

Effects of strength and endurance training on isometric muscle strength and walking speed in elderly women

1996

The separate effects of 18 weeks of intensive strength and endurance training on isometric knee extension (KE) and flexion (KF) strength and walking speed were studied in 76- to 78- year-old women. Maximal voluntary isometric force for both KE and KF was measured in a sitting position on a custom-made dynamometer chair at a knee angle of 60 degrees from full extension. Maximal walking speed was measured over a distance of 10 m. The endurance-trained women increased KE torque and KE torque/body mass after the first 9 weeks of training when compared with the controls. when comparing the baseline, 9 week and 18 week measurements within the groups separately, both the endurance- and strength-tr…

Combined resistance and balance-jumping exercise reduces older women's injurious falls and fractures: 5-year follow-up study

2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: previously, a randomised controlled exercise intervention study (RCT) showed that combined resistance and balance-jumping training (COMB) improved physical functioning and bone strength. The purpose of this follow-up study was to assess whether this exercise intervention had long-lasting effects in reducing injurious falls and fractures. DESIGN: five-year health-care register-based follow-up study after a 1-year, four-arm RCT. SETTING: community-dwelling older women in Finland. SUBJECTS: one hundred and forty-five of the original 149 RCT participants; women aged 70-78 years at the beginning. METHODS: participants' health-care visits were collected from computerised…

Serum basal hormone concentrations and muscle mass in aging women: Effects of strength training and diet

2006

This study examined the effects of strength training and diet on serum basal hormone concentrations and muscle mass in aging women. Fifty-one women age 49 to 74 y were divided into two groups: strength training and nutritional counseling (n = 25), and strength training (n = 26). Both groups performed strength training twice a week for 21 wk. Nutritional counseling was given to attain sufficient energy and protein intake and recommended intake of fat and fiber. We found that the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris increased by 9.5 ± 4.1% in the nutritional counseling group versus 6.8 ± 3.5% in the strength training only group after training (P < 0.052). Nutritional counseling e…

Changes in agonist-antagonist EMG, muscle CSA, and force during strength training in middle-aged and older people

1998

Effects of 6 mo of heavy-resistance training combined with explosive exercises on neural activation of the agonist and antagonist leg extensors, muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris, as well as maximal and explosive strength were examined in 10 middle-aged men (M40; 42 ± 2 yr), 11 middle-aged women (W40; 39 ± 3 yr), 11 elderly men (M70; 72 ± 3 yr) and 10 elderly women (W70; 67 ± 3 yr). Maximal and explosive strength remained unaltered during a 1-mo control period with no strength training. After the 6 mo of training, maximal isometric and dynamic leg-extension strength increased by 36 ± 4 and 22 ± 2% ( P < 0.001) in M40, by 36 ± 3 and 21 ± 3% ( P < 0.001) in M7…

Time course of changes in bronchial reactivity during early training in healthy subjects

2008

Effects of power resistance training program with elastic bands on body composition, muscle strength and physical function in older women

2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a power-strength resistance program with elastic bands on body composition, physical function, and muscle strength in older women. For such purpose, a randomized controlled trial with a pre-post-intervention design was conducted. Thus, 58 healthy, physically independent, sedentary women, aged 65-85 years, were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 28) or control group (n = 30). Measurements of body composition (total mass, total fat mass, total skeletal-muscle mass, and body fat percentage), isokinetic muscle strength of knee flexors and extensors (at 60º/second and 180º/second), and physical performance (flexibility, agility/dyn…

Changes in sprint performance and sagittal plane kinematics after heavy resisted sprint training in professional soccer players

2019

Background Sprint performance is an essential skill to target within soccer, which can be likely achieved with a variety of methods, including different on-field training options. One such method could be heavy resisted sprint training. However, the effects of such overload on sprint performance and the related kinetic changes are unknown in a professional setting. Another unknown factor is whether violating kinematic specificity via heavy resistance will lead to changes in unloaded sprinting kinematics. We investigated whether heavy resisted sled training (HS) affects sprint performance, kinetics, sagittal plane kinematics, and spatiotemporal parameters in professional male soccer players.…

Survey on the demand of sicilian physicians for a specific training on human cadavers and animals

2018

Currently, surgical training of physicians in Italy has limited possibilities.Surgical training can be performed on dissection of human bodies as well as in animal laboratories, but experience is very poor. We conducted a survey through an anonymous questionnaire in order to evaluate the opinions of post-graduate physicians on their need for experience training on both human and animal bodies during their medical studies. A total of 165 young Sicilian physicians responded to the survey. Only 14 of them (8.5%) declared they had specific training on a live animal, while 46 (27.9%) reported they already attended cadaver labs. Over 70% assigned the maximum score to the utility of such courses a…