Search results for " traits"
showing 10 items of 492 documents
Changing agricultural practices modifies the species and trait composition of the weed flora. A simulation study using a model of cropping system eff…
2012
International audience; Cropping systems change to adapt to socio-economical and environmental constraints (e.g. simplified tillage) and to profit from technological innovations (e.g. genetically-modified crops). These changes can result in unexpected side-effects which are difficult to determine in fields. The objective of the present study was to use a model, FLORSYS, to evaluate such impacts ex ante on weeds. FLORSYS quantifies the effects of crop succession, management techniques and climate on multi-specific weed dynamics over the years; it was parameterized with functional relationships predicting model parameters (e.g. seed mortality) from species traits (e.g. seed coat thickness). C…
Temperamentally inhibited children are at risk for poorer maths performance : self-concept as mediator
2020
AbstractIt has repeatedly been found that temperamental inhibition and low academic achievement are associated with each other: children with cautious and wary or shy behaviour are at risk for low academic achievement. Several suggestions about the mechanism behind this association have been made, these highlighting for example, the fewer learning opportunities of cautious and wary children and more negative interaction between teachers and inhibited children. However, the empirical studies about these mechanisms are rare and, thus, they have remained unclear. This study examined whether children’s maths-related self-concept of ability acts as a mediator between their temperamental inhibiti…
Analysis of DRD2 Gene Polymorphism in the Context of Personality Traits in a Group of Athletes
2021
The presented study showed the relationship between dopamine receptor gene polymorphism and personality traits in athletes training in martial arts. Behavioral modulation resulting from a balance of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine to inactivation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dysregulation of various pathways involved in attention and impulse control processes; Methods: The study was conducted among martial arts athletes. The study group included 258 volunteers and 284 controls. The genetic test was performed using the real-time PCR method; psychological tests were performed using standardized TCI questionnaires. All analyses were performed using STATISTICA 13.…
Personality and body condition have additive effects on motivation to feed in Zebra Finches Taeniopygia guttata
2012
Several hypotheses have been proposed to account for the adaptive evolution of person-ality, defined as inter-individual differences in behaviour that are consistent over timeand across situations. For instance, the ‘pace-of-life syndrome’ hypothesis suggests thatpersonality evolved as a behavioural correlate of life-history trajectories that vary withinpopulations. Thus, proactivity, corresponding to higher exploratory tendencies or higherboldness levels, has been linked to higher productivity or mortality rates. However, theextent to which proactivity is associated with a higher motivation to forage remainspoorly understood. Moreover, although personality and its effects on foraging behavi…
Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) characterization of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from different rearing systems
2009
The present study aimed to predict by NIRS the proximate chemical composition and some carcass traits of sea bass coming from 11 farms with different rearing systems (extensive, intensive in land-based basins, sea cages) and located in northern (Friuli, Veneto), central (Tuscany) and southern (Puglia and Sicily) Italy. NIRS analysis of freeze dried sea bass fillets gave fairly good predictions of slaughter weight and fillet yield (R2cv=0.48-0.55), while results for carcass yield were poor. NIRS analysis was highly predictive for the condition factor (R2cv=0.790, SECV=0.09) and for water, ether extract and gross energy showing high correlations (R2cv>0.90) with NIR spectral infor- mation and…
Determining Behavioural Syndromes in Voles - The Effects of Social Environment
2010
Animal personality and behavioural syndromes have experienced rapid increase in interest in the last few years because of their possible role in the evolution of life histories. However, there is still a scarcity of studies concerning the mechanisms maintaining variation in behaviour as well as addressing their relationships to each other. In this paper, we tested the main assumptions of personality, focusing on the individual variability and repeatability of behaviour, and the identification of behavioural syndromes using the common vole (Microtus arvalis) as the species being studied. We also studied the effects of family group characters (group size, sex ratio and affinity to family) on …
Sexually selected traits evolve positive allometry when some matings occur irrespective of the trait
2014
Positive allometry of secondary sexual traits (whereby larger individuals have disproportionally larger traits than smaller individuals) has been called one of the most pervasive and poorly understood regularities in the study of animal form and function. Its widespread occurrence is in contrast with theoretical predictions that it should evolve only under rather special circumstances. Using a combination of mathematical modeling and simulations, here we show that positive allometry is predicted to evolve under much broader conditions than previously recognized. This result hinges on the assumption that mating success is not necessarily zero for males with the lowest trait values: for examp…
Systemic risk factors for peri-implant bone loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis
2014
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of patient-related systemic risk factors (systemic disease, genetic traits, chronic drug or alcohol consumption, and smoking status) on peri-implant bone loss at least 1 year after implant installation and prosthetic loading. An electronic search was performed of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to January 2012. One thousand seven hundred and sixty-three studies were identified. After applying a three-stage screening process, 17 articles were included in the qualitative analysis, but only 13 in the quantitative analysis, since smoking was a common exposure. The meta-analysis of these 13 studies (4…
<p>Memory performances and personality traits in mothers of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome</p>
2019
Background Chronic diseases in pediatric age have been identified as stressful risk factors for parents. Studies on caregivers have documented the impact of chronic parenting stress on emotion and cognition. Aim To investigate the differences between a group of mothers of children affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) for at least 4 years and a group of mothers of typically developing children (TDC) in relation to parental stress, self-esteem, locus of control, and memory performances. Methods A group of 86 mothers (mean age 35.6±4.9, ranged between 32 and 41 years) of children with OSAS diagnosis, and a group of 52 mothers of TDC (mean age 35.9±4.2, ranged between 32 and 41 y…
Organisational culture: pursuing a theoretical foundation within the Finnish public oral health-care context.
2004
At the moment, Finnish oral health care is undergoing many changes. Little attention has been paid to issues of organisational culture and communication in Finnish oral health care. Yet the question of culture is of primary importance for changes in an organisation and for planning and reconstructing the rational functioning of an organisation. The purpose of this paper is to examine Finnish public oral health care within a theoretical framework of organisational culture and to identify the various cultural traits that appear to characterise Finnish oral health care. Using a cultural point of view, we develop an orientation for understanding more profoundly and specifically the processes co…