Search results for " tuberculosis"

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drives Expansion of Low-Density Neutrophils Equipped With Regulatory Activities

2019

In human tuberculosis (TB) neutrophils represent the most commonly infected phagocyte but their role in protection and pathology is highly contradictory. Moreover, a subset of low-density neutrophils (LDNs) has been identified in TB, but their functions remain unclear. Here, we have analyzed total neutrophils and their low-density and normal-density (NDNs) subsets in patients with active TB disease, in terms of frequency, phenotype, functional features, and gene expression signature. Full-blood counts from Healthy Donors (H.D.), Latent TB infected, active TB, and cured TB patients were performed. Frequency, phenotype, burst activity, and suppressor T cell activity of the two different subse…

IL-12 Expands and Differentiates Human Vγ2Vδ2 T Effector Cells Producing Antimicrobial Cytokines and Inhibiting Intracellular Mycobacterial Growth

2019

While IL-12 plays a key role in differentiation of protective CD4+ Th1 response, little is known about mechanisms whereby IL-12 differentiates other T-cell populations. Published studies suggest that predominant Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in humans/nonhuman primates (NHP) are a fast-acting T-cell subset, with capacities to rapidly expand and produce Th1 and cytotoxic cytokines in response to phosphoantigen (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) or others. However, whether IL-12 signaling pathway mediates fast-acting and Th1 or anti-microbial features of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells remains poorly defined. Here, we show that IL-12, but not other IL-12 fami…

γδ T Cells Cross-Link Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

2011

Protective immunity against mycobacterial infections such asMycobacterium tuberculosisis mediated by interactions between specific T cells and activated antigen presenting cells. To date, many aspects of mycobacterial immunity have shown that innate cells could be the key elements that substantially may influence the subsequent adaptive host response. During the early phases of infection, innate lymphocyte subsets play a pivotal role in this context. Here we summarize the findings of recent investigations onγδT lymphocytes and their role in tuberculosis immunity.

Functional Signatures of Human CD4 and CD8 T Cell Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2014

With 1.4 million deaths and 8.7 million new cases in 2011, tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health care problem and together with HIV and Malaria represents one of the three infectious diseases world-wide. Control of the global TB epidemic has been impaired by the lack of an effective vaccine, by the emergence of drug-resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and by the lack of sensitive and rapid diagnostics. It is estimated, by epidemiological reports, that one third of the world's population is latently infected with Mtb, but the majority of infected individuals develop long-lived protective immunity, which controls and contains Mtb in a T cell-dependent manner. Development o…

Estudio de la distribución clonal de aislados clínicos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex mediante técnicas genotípicas en el área de influencia d…

2019

La tuberculosis sigue siendo un importante problema sanitario y de salud pública a escala mundial. Por esta razón se han establecido estrategias que contribuyen a mejorar los procesos de control y vigilancia de esta enfermedad, basadas en el estudio epidemiológico molecular del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. En las últimas dos décadas han surgido múltiples técnicas de genotipificación aplicadas a este microorganismo, permitiendo discriminar el origen clonal de los aislados clínicos en distintos contextos. El objetivo principal de este estudio es la caracterización molecular de 154 aislados clínicos del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis en el Departamento de Salud Valencia - Hospital…

Mycobacterium tuberculosis multirezistences noteikšanas metodes

2019

Darba aktualitāte: Neskatoties uz to, ka šobrīd ir pieejami vairāki TB kontroles mehānismi gan slimības diagosticēšanai, gan ārstēšanai, un multirezistentās tuberkulozes prevalence samazinās, tā joprojām ir aktuāla problēma. Ņemot vērā, ka rezistence pret tuberkulozi dažādos reģionos krasi atškiras, svarīgi noskaidrot tās pašreizējo situāciju Latvijā un konkrētāk analizēt pret kuriem no anti-tuberkulozes medikamentiem reizistence ir sastopama visbiežāk. Darba mērķis: : Noteikt M. tuberculosis multirezistentu celmu prevalenci un salīdzināt fenotipiskās un genotipiskās multirezistences noteikšanas metodes. Metodes un materiāli: Diplomdarbā tika iekļauti dati par M. tuberculosis jutību pret da…

A Case of Epididymo-orchitis after intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin therapy for superficial bladder carcinoma in a patient with latent tuberculos…

2016

Background: Intravesical instillation of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been established as efficient therapy for superficial bladder carcinoma. Overall, intravesical BCG is well tolerated and results in complications of less than 5 %. However, adverse effects such as granulomatous prostatitis, pneumonitis, hepatitis, sepsis, and hypersensitivity reactions may occur. The reported rate for tuberculous orchitis after BCG intravesical therapy is 0.4 %. Findings: We report a case of monolateral tuberculous orchitis occurring one month after the second course of intravescical instillation of bacille Calmette-Guérin in a patient with proven superficial bladder carcinoma and latent tuberculosis…

Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

1984

Chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis, has undergone with the passing of years great changes because of the discovery of new antibiotics, and also because of a more precise identification of their effectiveness in terms of ability and speed in sputum conversion and to the ability to induce recovery and avoid relapses. Therefore in the anti-tubercular therapy we must consider the following points: Effectiveness of drugs Route of administration Recovery time Clinical and bacteriological relapses Toxicity Cost/benefit ratio

New Challenges for the Pulmonologist in the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Biological Treatment and Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2011

An unusual presentation of breast tuberculosis: A case report

2020

Abstract Primary breast tuberculosis is an uncommon disease, especially in nonendemic areas. Its presentation could mimic a cancer or an abscess, but this entity must be considered for differential diagnosis in women coming from endemic countries.