Search results for " vaccine"

A Controlled Trial of Two Acellular Vaccines and One Whole-Cell Vaccine against Pertussis

1996

Background Concern about both safety and efficacy has made the use of whole-cell pertussis vaccines controversial. In some European countries, including Italy, the rate of vaccination against pertussis is low. Methods We conducted a double-blind trial in Italy in which infants were randomly assigned to vaccination at two, four, and six months of age with an acellular pertussis vaccine together with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP); a DTP vaccine containing whole-cell pertussis (manufactured by Connaught Laboratories); or diphtheria and tetanus toxoids without pertussis (DT). The acellular DTP vaccine was either one containing filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and pertussis toxin ina…

Hepatitis B- a Therapeutic Vaccine: Hope or Hype?

2010

Evolution of the Regulatory Landscape for Immunomodulatory Compounds and Personalized Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines

2014

The term cancer immunotherapy covers a huge range of different therapeutic interventions based on highly diverse medicinal products. Some immunotherapy products such as monoclonal antibodies have successfully been developed during the last years and contributed to major advances in cancer therapy. Development of cancer vaccines seemed to be more challenging. Nevertheless, some promising candidates are currently in late-stage clinical development, and one product (sipuleucel-T) was recently approved in the United States (USA) and in the European Union (EU). Additionally, cell therapy approaches based on adoptive lymphocyte transfer have recently come into focus due to surprisingly efficient …

Vaccination Status and Attitudes towards Vaccines in a Cohort of Patients with Celiac Disease.

2022

(1) Background: The identification of vaccination status and attitudes towards vaccines among celiac disease (CD) patients is of great importance, but it has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate coverage against vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), attitudes towards vaccinations, and its determinants among CD patients. (2) Methods: An anonymous web-based validated questionnaire was sent to a mailing list of CD adult patients. Patients were asked to self-report their previous vaccinations and attitudes towards vaccinations, which were defined as positive, negative, and partially positive/negative. The influencing factors towards vaccinations were investigated, …

Evaluation of menstrual irregularities after COVID-19 vaccination: Results of the MECOVAC survey

2022

Abstract We investigated menstrual irregularities after the first and second doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Women answered a customised online questionnaire (ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT05083065) aimed to assess the vaccine type, the phase of the menstrual cycle during which the vaccine was administered, the occurrence of menstrual irregularities after the first and second doses, and how long this effect lasted. We excluded women with gynaecological and non-gynaecological diseases, undergoing hormonal and non-hormonal treatments, in perimenopause or menopause, as well as those who had irregular menstrual cycles in the last 12 months before vaccine administration. According to our data analysis…

Synthesis of a MUC1-glycopeptide-BSA conjugate vaccine bearing the 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoro-Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen.

2011

A novel MUC1-glycopeptide–BSA conjugate vaccine with a specifically fluorinated Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen side chain at Thr6 was prepared. Preliminary immunological experiments reveal specific binding of the tumor-associated glycopeptide antigen analog by anti-MUC1-mouse antibodies.

2014

Pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses cause considerable morbidity and mortality in the general human population. Protection from severe disease may result from vaccines that activate antigen-presenting DC for effective stimulation of influenza-specific memory T cells. Special attention is paid to vaccine-induced CD8+ T-cell responses, because they are mainly directed against conserved internal influenza proteins thereby presumably mediating cross-protection against circulating seasonal as well as emerging pandemic virus strains. Our study showed that influenza whole virus vaccines of major seasonal A and B strains activated DC more efficiently than those of pandemic swine-origin H1N1 and…

A comparative study of the effect of UV and formalin inactivation on the stability and immunogenicity of a Coxsackievirus B1 vaccine

2019

Type B Coxsackieviruses (CVBs) belong to the enterovirus genus, and they cause both acute and chronic diseases in humans. CVB infections usually lead to flu-like symptoms but can also result in more serious diseases such as myocarditis, aseptic meningitis and life-threatening multi-organ infections in young infants. Thus, CVBs have long been considered as important targets of future vaccines. We have previously observed CVB1 capsid disintegration and virus concentration decrease with 12-day long formalin inactivation protocol. Here a scalable ion exchange chromatography purification method was developed, and purified CVB1 was inactivated with UV-C or formalin. Virus morphology and concentra…

Combination vaccines containing DTPa–Hib: impact of IPV and coadministration of CRM197 conjugates

2008

Vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTPa)-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) combinations generally elicits anti-polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (PRP) antibody concentrations of more than 0.15 microg/ml, a criterion that is linked to the protection of infants against Hib disease. In the UK, vaccination with DTPa3-Hib elicited atypically low anti-PRP antibody levels and was associated with breakthrough Hib cases. While the absence of a toddler booster is considered to be a key factor explaining the lowered control of Hib disease, we propose that the coadministration of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis conjugate vaccine (MenC)-CRM197, which coincided with the introductio…

POTENTIAL IMPACT OF A NONAVALENT VACCINE ON HPV RELATED LOW-AND HIGH-GRADE CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS

2016

Introduction: Demonstration of the role of persistent infection, with high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPV) as the causal agent of cervical cancer made the development of first and second generation prophylactic vaccines. Bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines are at the moment available in Europe. In 2014 is licensing a nonavalent HPV vaccine against HPV types: 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential impact on HPV infection and related low- and high-grade cervical lesions (LSIL, HSIL) of the candidate nonavalent HPV vaccine, compared to the impact of the quadrivalent, in a female population living in Sicily. Materials and Methods: HPV genotypes w…