Search results for " weather"
showing 10 items of 148 documents
The Role of Hydrological Processes on Enhanced Weathering for Carbon Sequestration in Cropland Areas: An Application to Italy
2022
Aiming at facing climate change, some CDR (Carbon Dioxide Removal) techniques are currently studied given their capability to sequester carbon from the atmospheric CO2 and to store it within oceans, plants, soil, or other terrestrial environments. Among them, Enhanced Weathering (EW), that acts in speeding up the chemical weathering naturally occurring in soils through the amendments of highly reactive silicate minerals, is referred to as one of the most promising. Hot and humid climates provide the best conditions for EW, since reactions are faster at high temperature, high soil water content and low soil pH. This study presents a dynamic mass balance model that explores ecohydrological, b…
The role of hydrological processes on enhanced weathering for carbon sequestration in soils in tropical areas
2021
<p>To mitigate global warming, a noticeable research effort is being devoted to NCS (Natural Climate Solutions) as means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or sequester carbon within the oceans or terrestrial environments by exploiting natural processes. Enhanced weathering<strong> </strong>is a NCS that aims to increase the weathering reaction rates of silicate minerals, by amending soils with crushed reactive minerals. Various studies have shown that this technique is favored by hot and humid climates (i.e., tropical ecosystems), since weathering reactions are mostly effective under high temperature and soil moisture. Despite olivine dissolution d…
The impact of climate change on the distribution of rural income in Ethiopia
2018
Recent evidence suggests that global climate change is likely to increase the incidence of environmental disasters, as well as the frequency of extreme weather events. As a result, it is generally recognized that climate and weather variability has negative impacts on households’ welfare relying mainly on agriculture. In Ethiopia, 95% of the population depends on rain-fed agriculture and consequently the economic impact of climate change is crucial for small-scale farmers’ food security and welfare. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of climate change on rural households’ welfare in Ethiopia by using a Quantile Regression (QR) analysis. The main…
Osmium and lithium isotope evidence for weathering feedbacks linked to orbitally paced organic carbon burial and Silurian glaciations
2022
Abstract The Ordovician (∼487 to 443 Ma) ended with the formation of extensive Southern Hemisphere ice sheets, known as the Hirnantian glaciation, and the second largest mass extinction in Earth History. It was followed by the Silurian (∼443 to 419 Ma), one of the most climatically unstable periods of the Phanerozoic as evidenced by several large scale ( > 5 ‰ ) carbon isotope (δ13C) perturbations associated with further extinction events. Despite several decades of research, the cause of these environmental instabilities remains enigmatic. Here, we provide osmium (187Os/188Os) and lithium (δ7Li) isotope measurements of marine sedimentary rocks that cover four Silurian δ13C excursions. Osmi…
Collaborative Governance and Emergency Management: A Case Study of Latvia
2016
Emergencies – crises, disasters and catastrophes – cannot be managed by individuals or one organization,collaborative actions are needed In the context of this paper, a two-part research on collaborative governance and emergency management in Latvia has been carried out. This research is important because due to extreme weather conditions even “safe” countries should be able to deal with frequently recorded emergencies. It also contributes to the literature on emergency management in the context of Europe. The method of a case study was employed for this qualitative research seeking to clarify the situation and provide answers to the research question. The research showed that much attentio…
Road scenes analysis in adverse weather conditions by polarization-encoded images and adapted deep learning
2019
International audience; Object detection in road scenes is necessary to develop both autonomous vehicles and driving assistance systems. Even if deep neural networks for recognition task have shown great performances using conventional images, they fail to detect objects in road scenes in complex acquisition situations. In contrast, polarization images, characterizing the light wave, can robustly describe important physical properties of the object even under poor illumination or strong reflections. This paper shows how non-conventional polarimetric imaging modality overcomes the classical methods for object detection especially in adverse weather conditions. The efficiency of the proposed …
Transfer Learning with Convolutional Networks for Atmospheric Parameter Retrieval
2018
The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on board the MetOp satellite series provides important measurements for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). Retrieving accurate atmospheric parameters from the raw data provided by IASI is a large challenge, but necessary in order to use the data in NWP models. Statistical models performance is compromised because of the extremely high spectral dimensionality and the high number of variables to be predicted simultaneously across the atmospheric column. All this poses a challenge for selecting and studying optimal models and processing schemes. Earlier work has shown non-linear models such as kernel methods and neural networks perform w…
Flights Delay Compensation 261/2004: A Challenge for Airline Companies?
2020
Globally, the large number of tourists, insufficient number of pilots, strikes or high traffic at airports, have generated an increase in the number of delayed flights. In the first 6 months of 2018, it is estimated that around 4.5 million passengers (compared to 3.2 million passengers in the first semester of 2017) were affected by cancellations, delays and overbookings of flights, while the eligible value compensation is approaching 2 billion euros. For these events, principally attributable to the air carrier, certain passenger rights have been established at European Union level, detailed in EC Regulation No 261/2004 establishing common rules for passenger compensation and aid in the ca…
Simplified Energy Model and Multi-Objective Energy Consumption Optimization of a Residential House
2022
Featured Application: The potential application of the proposed model is a computationally inexpensive semi- or fully automated system for the optimization of operation in residential buildings in terms of energy consumption. Some analyses state that buildings contribute to overall energy consumption by 20–40%, which, in the context of the recent geopolitical energy crisis, makes them a critical issue to study. Finding solutions for better energy management in buildings can have a significant impact on the energy sector, thus reducing EU energy dependencies and contributing to the fulfillment of the REPowerEU goals. This paper focuses on proposing a simplified model of a residential house c…