Search results for "0208 environmental biotechnology"

Dynamics of Rossby Wave Packets in a Quantitative Potential Vorticity–Potential Temperature Framework

2016

Abstract Rossby wave packets (RWPs) have been associated with increased atmospheric predictability but also with the growth and propagation of forecast uncertainty. To address the important question of under which conditions RWPs imply high and low predictability, a potential vorticity–potential temperature (PV–θ) framework is introduced to diagnose RWP dynamics. Finite-amplitude RWPs along the midlatitude waveguide are considered and are represented by the synoptic-scale, wavelike undulations of the tropopause. The evolution of RWPs is examined by the amplitude evolution of the individual troughs and ridges. Troughs and ridges are identified as PV anomalies on θ levels intersecting the mid…

In search of traceability: two decades of calibrated Brewer UV measurements in Sodankylä and Jokioinen

2016

Abstract. The two Brewer spectrophotometers of the Finnish Meteorological Institute at Jokioinen and Sodankylä have been operated according to the highest levels of the WMO∕GAW (World Meteorological Organization∕Global Atmosphere Watch) recommendations with rigorous quality control and quality assurance. The calibration of the instruments is based on annual recalibrations of primary standard lamps in the VTT MIKES Metrology National Standards Laboratory in Finland and an exhaustive measurement program with measurements of standard and working lamps in the on-site optical laboratories. Over the years, the maintenance of the calibration has produced data sets of approximately 2000 lamp scans …

Regional frequency analysis of extreme rainfall in Sicily (Italy)

2018

Detection of homogeneous precipitation regions at seasonal and annual time scales, northwest Iran

2017

Abstract Detection of homogeneous climate areas is a challenging issue, which can be affected by different criteria. One of the most prominent factors is choosing the time scale, which can lead to different spatial and temporal patterns. Total precipitation is a key factor in climatological studies, and studying its distribution is of utmost importance. The combination of principal components analysis and cluster analysis is used for homogeneous precipitation areas' detection. Hence, the spatial pattern of total precipitation was investigated in northwestern Iran during the past two decades (1991–2010) on seasonal and annual time scales. The results of clustering on each time scale were val…

Improved meteorology and surface fluxes in mesoscale modelling using adjusted initial vertical soil moisture profiles

2018

The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) is being used for different and diverse purposes, ranging from atmospheric and dispersion of pollutants forecasting to agricultural meteorology and ecological modelling as well as for hydrological purposes, among others. The current paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the RAMS forecasts, comparing the results not only with observed standard surface meteorological variables, measured at FLUXNET stations and other portable and permanent weather stations located over the region of study, but also with non-standard observed variables, such as the surface energy fluxes, with the aim of evaluating the surface energy budget and its relation …

Identification of Tropical‐Extratropical Interactions and Extreme Precipitation Events in the Middle East Based On Potential Vorticity and Moisture T…

2018

The authors wish to thank CRED, ECMWF, NASA, JAXA, and APHRODITE for providing their data sets, which are available under the following links; EM-DAT (http://www.emdat.be/), ERA-Interim (https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/era-interim), TRMM (https://pmm.nasa.gov/data-access/downloads/trmm), and Aphrodite (http://www.chikyu.ac.jp/precip/english/). We acknowledge the Israeli Atmospheric and Climatic Data Centre (IACDC), supported by the Israeli Ministry of Science, Technology and Space, for providing the Israel Meteorological Service (IMS) daily rainfall records as well as the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for providing …

Current trends in scientific research on global warming: A bibliometric analysis

2019

[EN] The objective of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the scientific knowledge in global warming, as well as to investigate the evolution of the research knowledge through the published papers included in Web of Science database. A bibliometric and social network analyses was performed to obtain indicators of scientific productivity, impact and collaboration between researchers, institutions and countries. A subject analysis was also carried out taking into account the key words assigned to papers and subject areas of journals. A number of 1,672 articles were analysed since 2005 until 2014. The most productive journals were Journal of Climate (n = 95) and the most f…

Dynamics of tropical–extratropical interactions and extreme precipitation events in Saudi Arabia in autumn, winter and spring

2016

Assessing, measuring and modelling erosion in calanchi areas: A review

2016

Calanchi are erosion landforms characterised by a heavily dissected terrain with steep, unvegetated slopes and channels with a dendritic pattern, which rapidly incise and extend headwards. Recent literature focusing on badland systems highlights their similarity with other larger fluvial landforms, stating that these behave as a full size laboratory, due to their rapid development in space and time and to the diversity of geomorphic processes involved. In this paper, a brief review of the most important results on badland research is firstly presented. Then, the morphometric similarity between calanchi and other erosion landforms is discussed. Finally, models quantitatively relating the vol…

Predicting soil loss in central and south Italy with a single USLE-MM model

2018

Purpose: The USLE-MM estimates event normalized plot soil loss, Ae,N, by an erosivity term given by the runoff coefficient, QR, times the single-storm erosion index, EI30, raised to an exponent b1> 1. This modeling scheme is based on an expected power relationship, with an exponent greater than one, between event sediment concentration, Ce, and the EI30/Pe(Pe= rainfall depth) term. In this investigation, carried out at the three experimental sites of Bagnara, Masse, and Sparacia, in Italy; the soundness of the USLE-MM scheme was tested. Materials and methods: A total of 1192 (Ae,N, QREI30) data pairs were used to parameterize the model both locally and considering all sites simultaneously. …