Search results for "030227 psychiatry"
showing 10 items of 1017 documents
Differential effects of MDMA and cocaine on inhibitory avoidance and object recognition tests in rodents.
2017
Introduction Drug addiction continues being a major public problem faced by modern societies with different social, health and legal consequences for the consumers. Consumption of psychostimulants, like cocaine or MDMA (known as ecstasy) are highly prevalent and cognitive and memory impairments have been related with the abuse of these drugs. Aim The aim of this work was to review the most important data of the literature in the last 10 years about the effects of cocaine and MDMA on inhibitory avoidance and object recognition tests in rodents. Development: The object recognition and the inhibitory avoidance tests are popular procedures used to assess different types of memory. We compare th…
Pharmacological treatment of sexual offenders in German outpatient treatment centers
2018
In Germany, depending on a sexual offender's culpability and the severity of the offence, he/she can be placed either in the forensic-psychiatric or the correctional system. Numbers related to the pharmacological treatment of sexual offenders for the correctional system are missing so far. In sexual offenders, the pharmacological treatment of paraphilic disorders is of special importance. The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of pharmacological sexual offender treatment in German outpatient treatment centers supervising mainly clients from the correctional sector. An online questionnaire was sent to 112 outpatient treatment centers and 21 provided data relevant for the present…
Olanzepine-induced tardive dyskinesia
2003
Tardive dyskinesia is a serious and common motor side-effect of treatment with traditional neuroleptics, with an unknown pathophysiological basis. It affects 20-30% of patients on long-term neuroleptic therapy, with elderly patients being at higher risk ( [American Psychiatric Association, 1994][1
Trigeminal Meningioma in a Patient with Tardive Dyskinesia as Only Symptom
2018
Most meningiomas are benign, encapsulated tumors (95% of the cases), generally undergoing a limited number of genetic aberrations. We present the case of a 74-year-old patient with no significant pathological history, who is admitted to the neurology ward for orofacial dyskinesias accompanied by hypoesthesia in the left hemiface, a symptomatology that had started insidiously about two months before and worsened progressively over the past 3 weeks. A cerebral MRI was performed which revealed a small mass with discrete T2 hyperintensity and T1 iso-signal compared to the gray matter located in the left pontine cistern, with a large, well-defined base at the level of the cerebral tentorium. The…
Guanfacine extended release for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Efficacy following prior methylphenidate trea…
2016
Guanfacine extended release (GXR) and atomoxetine (ATX) are nonstimulant treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As nonstimulant treatments are often used after stimulants in ADHD, GXR was assessed relative to prior stimulant treatment in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), in which ATX was included as a reference arm, and in the open-label phase of a randomized-withdrawal study (RWS). Participants were 6–17 years old with ADHD Rating Scale version IV (ADHD-RS-IV) scores ≥32 and Clinical Global Impressions – Severity scores ≥4. RCT participants received dose-optimized GXR (1–7 mg/day), ATX (10–100 mg/day), or placebo for 10–13 weeks. RWS participants received dose-o…
Placebo and Nocebo Effects Across Symptoms: From Pain to Fatigue, Dyspnea, Nausea, and Itch
2019
Contains fulltext : 208540.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Placebo and nocebo effects are, respectively, the helpful and harmful treatment effects that do not arise from active treatment components. These effects have thus far been researched most often in pain. It is not yet clear to what extent these findings from pain can be generalized to other somatic symptoms. This review investigates placebo and nocebo effects in four other highly prevalent symptoms: dyspnea, fatigue, nausea, and itch. The role of learning mechanisms (verbal suggestions, conditioning) in placebo and nocebo effects on various outcomes (self-reported, behavioral, and physiological) of these different somatic s…
Insomnia in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A Swedish population-based cohort study.
2020
Abstract Background The association between specific psychiatric disorders and insomnia is well established, but the prevalence of insomnia in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is unknown. This population-based study examined the prevalence of insomnia in patients with OCD compared to unaffected individuals from the general population and to their unaffected full siblings, and evaluated the contribution of psychiatric comorbidities to this association. Methods Individuals diagnosed with OCD (31,856) were identified from a cohort of 13,017,902 individuals living in Sweden anytime during 1973 and 2013. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the odds of insomnia in individuals…
Recent Insights Into Cyberchondria.
2020
Purpose of Review The construct of cyberchondria was introduced relatively recently. This article aims to review the conceptualization, theoretical basis and correlates of cyberchondria, as well as its prevention and management. Recent Findings Although there is no consensus, most definitions of cyberchondria emphasize online health research associated with heightened distress or anxiety. The two theoretical models of cyberchondria involve reassurance seeking and specific metacognitive beliefs. Cyberchondria has relationships with health anxiety, problematic Internet use and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, with public health implications pertaining to functional impairment and al…
Consumo de sustancias en jóvenes adultos con TDAH: comorbilidad y síntomas de inatención e hiperactividad/impulsividad
2016
Young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at high risk of substance use (SU). The aims of the current study were: 1) to examine the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and other illegal drugs by adults with and without ADHD; 2) to compare the oppositional, conduct, anxiety, depression, sleep and antisocial personality symptoms of ADHD adults with SU and ADHD adults without SU; 3) to examine the ability of ADHD symptoms and conduct problems to predict SU. A total of 93 young adults, 43 without ADHD and 50 with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD, who were part of the Spanish sample of the Multicenter ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study, collaborated in a follow-up evaluation 10.…
FOXP2 and language alterations in psychiatric pathology
2019
Background. From the first reports of the linguist Noam Chomsky it has become clear that the development of language has an important genetic component. Several reports in families have shown the relationship between language disorders and genetic polymorphisms. The FOXP2 gene has been a fundamental piece for the understanding of language development. This gene codes for a transcription factor containing a forkhead domain of DNA binding and participates in the regulation of the expression of a large number of genes involved in the embryonic development of fundamental neuronal structures needed for the development of speech and language. Objective. To present an updated view of the relations…