Search results for "030505 public health"
showing 10 items of 262 documents
Application of the trans-contextual model to predict change in leisure time physical activity
2021
Objective: This study tested effects of changes in the psychological constructs of the trans-contextual model (TCM) on changes in adolescents' outside of school moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) measured using self-report and accelerometer-based device. Design: A three-wave longitudinal design was used. High school students (N = 331) completed measures of all the TCM constructs at Time1 and at Time2, five weeks apart. Self-reported PA behaviour was measured also at Time3, five weeks after Time2. PA was measured using accelerometer-based devices for seven days following Time1 and Time3 for a census week. Results: A structural equation model using residual change scores revealed tha…
Job strain among blue-collar and white-collar employees as a determinant of total mortality: a 28-year population-based follow-up.
2012
Objectives To investigate the effect of job demand, job control and job strain on total mortality among white-collar and blue-collar employees working in the public sector. Design 28-year prospective population-based follow-up. Setting Several municipals in Finland. Participants 5731 public sector employees from the Finnish Longitudinal Study on Municipal Employees Study aged 44–58 years at baseline. Outcomes Total mortality from 1981 to 2009 among individuals with complete data on job strain in midlife, categorised according to job demand and job control: high job strain (high job demands and low job control), active job (high job demand and high job control), passive job (low job demand a…
¿Cómo abordan los textos de Educación Primaria la competencia en alimentación y actividad física?
2018
La incorporación de las competencias básicas al currículo escolar ha planteado la necesidad de definir las competencias en salud que el estudiante debe alcanzar cuando finalice la enseñanza obligatoria. De ahí que este grupo de investigación haya elaborado unos estándares de competencias que tratan de dar respuesta a los principales problemas de salud. Para ello se ha elaborado un instrumento que permite analizar si dichas competencias están presentes en los recursos educativos, concretamente en los libros de texto, con la finalidad de obtener información sobre la visión y el abordaje que estos presentan sobre la promoción de hábitos de vida saludable. El presente trabajo estudia el tratami…
Combining Sequence Analysis and Hidden Markov Models in the Analysis of Complex Life Sequence Data
2018
Life course data often consists of multiple parallel sequences, one for each life domain of interest. Multichannel sequence analysis has been used for computing pairwise dissimilarities and finding clusters in this type of multichannel (or multidimensional) sequence data. Describing and visualizing such data is, however, often challenging. We propose an approach for compressing, interpreting, and visualizing the information within multichannel sequences by finding (1) groups of similar trajectories and (2) similar phases within trajectories belonging to the same group. For these tasks we combine multichannel sequence analysis and hidden Markov modelling. We illustrate this approach with an …
Clinical profile associated with HIV risk in Spanish youth
2018
Heterosexual transmission is the second route of new HIV infection diagnoses in Spain. A high percentage of young people use condom inconsistently. Beyond cognitive factors, emotional variables seem to be associated with sexual risk behavior. The aim was to examine the differential clinical profile between young people at risk and no-risk for HIV infection. A total of 424 heterosexuals were evaluated (M age =20.62; SD=2.16), and distributed into two groups: risk group (60.7%) and non-risk group (39.3%). They completed the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluatio…
Cyberbullying and Empathy in the Age of Hyperconnection: An Interdisciplinary Approach
2020
Considering cyberbullying as a challenging frontier of analysis in the social sciences, we find ourselves today with the duty to analyze it within a much broader social context. Indeed, we must take into account the logic of exclusion, as a fact. Today, in the logic of how the Internet works, a thin line separates the victim from the perpetrator; this is also due to the Internet we know today, made up of a mass and a headless power. Trying to amplify this dichotomy, we can say that today we live in the era of the so-called “ban-opticon” (or the logic of prohibition). This logic ranges from simply removing Facebook friends from the list, to excluding sources of knowledge. This article has fo…
Alcohol use, aquatic injury, and unintentional drowning: A systematic literature review
2018
Issues: Drowning is a global public health issue, and there is a strong association between alcohol and risk of drowning. No previous systematic review known to date has identified factors associated with alcohol use and engagement in aquatic activities resulting in injury or drowning (fatal and non-fatal). Approach: Literature published from inception until 31 January 2017 was reviewed. Included articles were divided into three categories: (i) prevalence and/or risk factors for alcohol-related fatal and non-fatal drowning and aquatic injury, (ii) understanding alcohol use and aquatic activities, and (iii) prevention strategies. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using National …
Reply: Externalities and citation practices
2016
Dr. Shiri raises some important questions on the results in our short report "Externalities and article citations: experience of a national public health journal (Gaceta Sanitaria)"[1]. We welcome any debate on the topic of citations research because little evidence is available on this topic and exchange between readers, authors, and editors contributes to enrich this discussion.
Defining the Field of Behavioral Medicine: A Collaborative Endeavor.
2017
Purpose: To respond to comments on our proposal for an update of the definition and scope of behavioral medicine. Methods: We identify common themes in the comments and provide a response. Results: We discuss the relationship of behavioral medicine to other disciplines and fields, the scope of behavioral medicine, and issues related to the application of behavioral medicine. Conclusion: Based on the comments of our esteemed colleagues and our reflection on those comments, we now offer the following refined definition and scope of behavioral medicine. ‘Behavioral medicine can be defined as the field characterized by the collaboration among multiple disciplines concerned with the development …
Proposal for an Update of the Definition and Scope of Behavioral Medicine
2017
Purpose: We aim to provide an update of the definition and scope of behavioral medicine in the Charter of ISBM, as the present version was developed more than 25 years ago. Methods: We identify issues which need clarification or updating. This leads us to propose an update of the definition and scope of behavioral medicine. Results: Issues in need of clarification or updating include the scope of behavioral medicine (biobehavioral mechanisms, clinical diagnosis and intervention, and prevention and health promotion); research as an essential characteristic of all three areas of behavioral medicine; the application of behavioral medicine; the terminology of behavioral medicine as a multidisci…