Search results for "105"
showing 10 items of 9364 documents
Do Diacritical Marks Play a Role at the Early Stages of Word Recognition in Arabic?
2016
Published: 22 August 2016 A crucial question in the domain of visual word recognition is whether letter similarity plays a role in the early stages of visual word processing. Here we focused on Arabic because in this language there are various groups of letters that share the same basic shape and only differ in the number/location of diacritical points. We conducted a masked priming lexical decision experiment in which a target word was preceded by: (i) an identity prime; (ii) a prime in which the critical letter was replaced by a letter with the same shape that differed in the number of diacritics (e.g., ); or (iii) a prime in which the critical letter was replaced by a letter with differe…
On the Dissociation of Word/Nonword Repetition Effects in Lexical Decision: An Evidence Accumulation Account
2016
A number of models of visual-word recognition assume that the repetition of an item in a lexical decision experiment increases that item's familiarity/wordness. This would produce not only a facilitative repetition effect for words, but also an inhibitory effect for nonwords (i.e., more familiarity/wordness makes the negative decision slower). We conducted a two-block lexical decision experiment to examine word/nonword repetition effects in the framework of a leading “familiarity/wordness” model of the lexical decision task, namely, the diffusion model (Ratcliff et al., 2004). Results showed that while repeated words were responded to faster than the unrepeated words, repeated nonwords were…
Teoría y metodología de investigación sobre libros de texto: análisis didáctico de las actividades, las imágenes y los recursos digitales en la enseñ…
2018
RESUMEN Los materiales curriculares en cualquier formato, especialmente el manual escolar de Ciencias Sociales - Geografía e Historia -, se ha constituido históricamente como un recurso central en las aulas para esta disciplina. En este estudio planteamos su evolución teórica como problema de investigación en Ciencias Sociales (en el contexto español) en lo que respecta a su contenido, utilización y difusión para plantear una metodología de análisis de manuales basada en el estudio de las actividades y de las imágenes vinculadas a la complejidad cognitiva demandada en ellas. Las conclusiones insisten en el papel del libro de texto como un componente central de la cultura escolar en España e…
Terrestrial Inputs Drive Seasonality in Organic Matter and Nutrient Biogeochemistry in a High Arctic Fjord System (Isfjorden, Svalbard)
2020
Climate-change driven increases in temperature and precipitation are leading to increased discharge of freshwater and terrestrial material to Arctic coastal ecosystems. These inputs bring sediments, nutrients and organic matter (OM) across the land-ocean interface with a range of implications for coastal ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling. To investigate responses to terrestrial inputs, physicochemical conditions were characterized in a river- and glacier-influenced Arctic fjord system (Isfjorden, Svalbard) from May to August in 2018 and 2019. Our observations revealed a pervasive freshwater footprint in the inner fjord arms, the geochemical properties of which varied spatially and seaso…
Temperature effects explain continental scale distribution of cyanobacterial toxins
2018
Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect…
It's Sad but I Like It The Neural Dissociation Between Musical Emotions and Liking in Experts and Laypersons
2016
Emotion-related areas of the brain, such as the medial frontal cortices, amygdala, and striatum, are activated during listening to sad or happy music as well as during listening to pleasurable music. Indeed, in music, like in other arts, sad and happy emotions might co-exist and be distinct from emotions of pleasure or enjoyment. Here we aimed at discerning the neural correlates of sadness or happiness in music as opposed those related to musical enjoyment. We further investigated whether musical expertise modulates the neural activity during affective listening of music. To these aims, 13 musicians and 16 non-musicians brought to the lab their most liked and disliked musical pieces with a …
The pleasure evoked by sad music is mediated by feelings of being moved
2017
Why do we enjoy listening to music that makes us sad? This question has puzzled music psychologists for decades, but the paradox of “pleasurable sadness” remains to be solved. Recent findings from a study investigating the enjoyment of sad films suggest that the positive relationship between felt sadness and enjoyment might be explained by feelings of being moved (Hanich et al., 2014). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether feelings of being moved also mediated the enjoyment of sad music. In Experiment 1, 308 participants listened to five sad music excerpts and rated their liking and felt emotions. A multilevel mediation analysis revealed that the initial positive relations…
From arsenic to DDT: Pesticides, Fascism and the invisibility of toxic risks in the early years of Francoist Spain (1939-1953)
2021
This paper reviews the way in which Spanish agriculture climbed onto the pesticide treadmill. We claim that Fascist policies and expert advice assembled in the early 1940s accelerated the introduction of pesticides into Spanish agriculture and promoted the emergence of the Spanish pesticide industry in the times of autarky. Agricultural engineers were the key protagonists in this process, but other human and non-human actors also played a pivotal role: a new pest (the Colorado beetle), Francoist politicians, farmers, landowners and industry managers. Our focus is on the use of pesticides against the Colorado beetle (the main threat to the potato crop), and the transition from arsenical pest…
Preliminary analysis of CH3D from 3250 to 3700 cm(-1)
2006
International audience; The infrared spectrum of CH3D from 3250 to 3700 cm(-1) was studied for the first time to assign transitions involving the nu(2) + nu(3), nu(2) + nu(5), nu(2) + nu(6), nu(3) + 2(nu 6) and 3 nu(6) vibrational states. Line positions and intensities were measured at 0.011 cm(-1) resolution using Fourier transform spectra recorded at Kitt Peak with isotopically enriched samples. Some 2852 line positions (involving over 900 upper state levels) and 874 line intensities were reproduced with RMS values of 0.0009 cm(-1) and 4.6%, respectively. The strongest bands were found to be nu(2) + nu(3) at 3499.7 cm(-1) and nu(2) + nu(6) at 3342.5 cm(-1) with integrated strengths, respe…
A multiresidue analytical method for trace level determination of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in wastewater and surface water using SPE-LC-M…
2016
An analytical method for simultaneous determination of seven commonly used antibiotics and three antiretrovirals in surface water and urban wastewater at the ng L−1 level has been developed. The method involves concentration and clean-up by solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by identification and quantification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The use of matrix-matched calibration curves constructed by spiking surface water was evaluated for quantification and compared with the internal standard method using isotopically labelled compounds. The method gave absolute recoveries of 41–116% with most of the compounds having recoveries >50%. The LOQs ranged fr…