Search results for "1103 Clinical Sciences"
showing 10 items of 44 documents
Xenon Improves Neurologic Outcome and Reduces Secondary Injury Following Trauma in an In Vivo Model of Traumatic Brain Injury*
2014
Objectives: To determine the neuroprotective efficacy of the inert gas xenon following traumatic brain injury and to determine whether application of xenon has a clinically relevant therapeutic time window. Design: Controlled animal study. Setting: University research laboratory. Subjects: Male C57BL/6N mice (n = 196). Interventions: Seventy-five percent xenon, 50% xenon, or 30% xenon, with 25% oxygen (balance nitrogen) treatment following mechanical brain lesion by controlled cortical impact. Measurements and Main Results: Outcome following trauma was measured using 1) functional neurologic outcome score, 2) histological measurement of contusion volume, and 3) analysis of locomotor functio…
Xenon improves long-term cognitive function, reduces neuronal loss and chronic neuroinflammation, and improves survival after traumatic brain injury …
2019
Background.Xenon is a noble gas with neuroprotective properties. We previously showed that xenon improves short and long-term outcomes in young adult mice after controlled cortical impact (CCI). This is a follow-up study investigating xenon’s effect on very long-term outcome and survival. Methods.C57BL/6N (n=72) young adult male mice received single CCI or sham surgery and were treated with either xenon (75%Xe:25%O2) or control gas (75% N2:25%O2). The outcomes used were: 1) 24-hour lesion volume and neurological outcome score; 2)contextual fear-conditioning at 2 weeks and 20 months; 3) corpus callosum white matter quantification; 4) immunohistological assessment of neuroinflammation and neu…
Global and regional burden of disease and injury in 2016 arising from occupational exposures: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease …
2020
ObjectivesThis study provides an overview of the influence of occupational risk factors on the global burden of disease as estimated by the occupational component of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2016 study.MethodsThe GBD 2016 study estimated the burden in terms of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) arising from the effects of occupational risk factors (carcinogens; asthmagens; particulate matter, gases and fumes (PMGF); secondhand smoke (SHS); noise; ergonomic risk factors for low back pain; risk factors for injury). A population attributable fraction (PAF) approach was used for most risk factors.ResultsIn 2016, globally, an estimated 1.53 (95% uncertainty interval 1.39…
Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
2021
ObjectivesStudies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infec…
Association between Conflict and Cholera in Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2022
Cholera outbreaks significantly contribute to disease mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries. Cholera outbreaks have several social and environmental risk factors and extreme conditions can act as catalysts. A social extreme with known links to infectious disease outbreaks is conflict, causing disruption to services, loss of income and displacement. Here, we used the self-controlled case series method in a novel application and found that conflict increased the risk of cholera in Nigeria by 3.6 times and 19.7% of cholera outbreaks were attributable to conflict. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), conflict increased the risk of cholera by 2.6 times and 12.3% of ch…
Medium-chain triglycerides may improve memory in non-demented older adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
2022
Abstract Background Ketosis has been exploited for its neuroprotective impact and treatment of neurological conditions via ketone production. Exogenous medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation may induce nutritional ketosis. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the effects of MCTs on memory function in older adults without cognitive impairment. Methods A systematic literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science was employed from inception until April 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, investigating the impact of MCT oils on com…
Familial hypercholesterolaemia: A global call to arms
2015
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is the commonest autosomal co-dominantly inherited condition affecting man. It is caused by mutation in one of three genes, encoding the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, or the gene for apolipoprotein B (which is the major protein component of the LDL particle), or in the gene coding for PCSK9 (which is involved in the degradation of the LDL-receptor during its cellular recycling). These mutations result in impaired LDL metabolism, leading to life-long elevations in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and development of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) [1], [2] and [3]. If left untreated, the relative risk of premature coronary artery d…
Expertise
2017
Several sets of guidelines have been published recently and more are in the works. The very recent American College of Physicians/American Academy of Family Practitioners guidelines were put together by a set of authors and consultants without any expertise in the topic under discussion, that is, hypertension. Although we are not maintaining that all guidelines should be written exclusively by experts, complete lack of expertise among guideline authors is not acceptable. ispartof: Journal Of Hypertension vol:35 issue:8 pages:1564-1566 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published
The Differences in the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease, Its Risk Factors, and Achievement of Therapeutic Goals among Urban and Rural Primary Car…
2021
A nationwide cross-sectional study, LIPIDOGRAM2015, was carried out in Poland in the years 2015 and 2016. A total of 438 primary care physicians enrolled 13,724 adult patients that sought medical care in primary health care practices. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and CVD were similar in urban and rural areas (49.5 vs. 49.4%; 13.7 vs. 13.1%; 84.2 vs. 85.2%; 14.4 vs. 14.2%, respectively). The prevalence of obesity (32.3 vs. 37.5%, p p p p = 0.04) and non-HDL-C (147 vs. 148 mg/dL, p = 0.03) were slightly higher in rural populations. Altogether, 14.3% of patients with CVD from urban areas and 11.3% from rural areas reached LDL p = 0.04). There were no import…
Global, regional, and national burden of diseases and injuries for adults 70 years and older:systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 201…
2022
AbstractObjectivesTo use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to estimate mortality and disability trends for the population aged ≥70 and evaluate patterns in causes of death, disability, and risk factors.DesignSystematic analysis.SettingParticipants were aged ≥70 from 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019.Main outcomes measuresYears of life lost, years lived with disability, disability adjusted life years, life expectancy at age 70 (LE-70), healthy life expectancy at age 70 (HALE-70), proportion of years in ill health at age 70 (PYIH-70), risk factors, and data coverage index were estimated based on standardised GBD methods.ResultsGlo…