Search results for "15th"
showing 10 items of 45 documents
2500 Years of European Climate Variability and Human Susceptibility
2011
Climate variations influenced the agricultural productivity, health risk, and conflict level of preindustrial societies. Discrimination between environmental and anthropogenic impacts on past civilizations, however, remains difficult because of the paucity of high-resolution paleoclimatic evidence. We present tree ring-based reconstructions of central European summer precipitation and temperature variability over the past 2500 years. Recent warming is unprecedented, but modern hydroclimatic variations may have at times been exceeded in magnitude and duration. Wet and warm summers occurred during periods of Roman and medieval prosperity. Increased climate variability from similar to 250 to 6…
Ancient bacterial genomes reveal a high diversity of Treponema pallidum Strains in early Modern Europe
2020
Syphilis is a globally re-emerging disease, which has marked European history with a devastating epidemic at the end of the 15th century. Together with non-venereal treponemal diseases, like bejel and yaws, which are found today in subtropical and tropical regions, it currently poses a substantial health threat worldwide. The origins and spread of treponemal diseases remain unresolved, including syphilis’ potential introduction into Europe from the Americas. Here, we present the first genetic data from archaeological human remains reflecting a high diversity of Treponema pallidum in early modern Europe. Our study demonstrates that a variety of strains related to both venereal syphilis and y…
Committenti, teorie e modelli (XV-XVI secolo)
2022
The chapter deals with the theme of the role of clients in architectural debate in Italy during 15th and 16th centuries, trough a slection of case studies.
Learning from the past in the COVID-19 era: rediscovery of quarantine, previous pandemics, origin of hospitals and national healthcare systems, and e…
2020
Abstract After the dramatic coronavirus outbreak at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, on 11 March 2020, a pandemic was declared by the WHO. Most countries worldwide imposed a quarantine or lockdown to their citizens, in an attempt to prevent uncontrolled infection from spreading. Historically, quarantine is the 40-day period of forced isolation to prevent the spread of an infectious disease. In this educational paper, a historical overview from the sacred temples of ancient Greece—the cradle of medicine—to modern hospitals, along with the conceive of healthcare systems, is provided. A few foods for thought as to the conflict between ethics in medicine and shortage of personne…
The main trends in the palaeodemography of the 7th-18th century population of Latvia
2006
The study represents palaeodemographic research of osteological material of 3304 individuals from the funds of the Anthropological Laboratory of the Institute of History of the University of Latvia in Riga, dating from the 7 th to the 18 th century AD. Compensated life expectancy at birth is varying between 20.3 and 22.2 years during the research period. Crude mortality has changed between 49.3 and 45 %o. In the early period (7 th - 13 th century) there is a significant male prevalence (2.2 - 1.4); female life expectancy at the age of 20 is on average 6.6 years less than for males. This difference decreases to 5.4 years in the 13 th - 18 th century. According to historical demography, femal…
Principalis fabricator huius felicis urbis Panormi, in S. Montana, F. Scaduto, Antonio Belguardo a master of the late Gothic in Western Sicily and so…
2016
Le informazioni documentarie emerse in questi ultimi anni sulla figura professionale di Antonio Belguardo permettono di ricostruire una biografia attendibile e abbastanza completa di uno dei più importanti e dotati maestri dell’ultimo gotico in Sicilia occidentale e a Palermo, operante tra l’ultimo ventennio del Quattrocento e il primo Cinquecento. Il prestigio e il ruolo del maestro appaiono subito evidenti se si considerano l’intensa attività svolta, il successo presso una committenza “alta” e la rapida ascesa professionale e sociale comprovata dalla carica di capomastro regio (1536) e dalla carriera ecclesiastica del figlio Giovanni probabilmente identificabile con il vescovo di Telese, …
Mortality and demographic recovery in early post-black death epidemics: Role of recent emigrants in medieval Dijon
2020
International audience; Objective and methodsWe analyze the influence of population movement on susceptibility to death and resilience during two epidemics occurring in Dijon soon after the Black Death. Using a specific program designed to propose links between entries in annual tax registers, we define tentative heads of household, the elapsed time since their first registration and their ties with other persons within the city.ResultsDuring the 1400 epidemic heads of household who were registered for 1–3 years die in large numbers, whereas during years without epidemics, their death rate is lower than that of heads of household who were registered longer. Recent registration is an epidemi…
La motte médiévale de Drosnay (Marne) : résultats de deux sondages archéologiques
2011
Deux opérations de diagnostic réalisées en 2008 et 2009 ont permis de mettre au jour un segment du fossé d’enceinte d’une motte répertoriée depuis le XIXe s., ainsi que les restes d’un bâtiment en pierre sur sa partie sommitale. Le fossé a livré un mobilier dont la chronologie est centrée sur le XIIIe s. alors que le bâtiment n’est pas antérieur au XVe s. Les remaniements ayant affecté ce site sont nombreux. Dès le XVe s. d’importants travaux de remblaiement et de nivellement semblent modifier l’angle sud-ouest de la motte. Cependant, ce sont les terrassements contemporains qui ont irrémédiablement détruit la plus grande part des vestiges. Seule la basse-cour peut désormais conserver des ve…
Los ballesteros del rey, los arneses empeñados y otros nuevos documentos sobre Pero Niño
2018
RESUMENSe presentan cuatro documentos hasta ahora desconocidos sobre Pero Niño, datados entre 1404 y 1431, que arrojan luz sobre algunos episodios poco detallados o silenciados en El Victorial, la biografía caballeresca que le dedicó Gutierre Díaz de Games.PALABRAS CLAVEPero Niño, Gutierre Díaz de Games, El Victorial.ABSTRACTThis study presents four unknown documents about Pero Niño, dated between 1404 and 1431. They shed light on several episodes that are undetailed or silenced in El Victorial, the chivalric biography written by Gutierre Díaz de Games.KEYWORDSPero Niño, Gutierre Díaz de Games, El Victorial.
A classification of European skulls from three time periods.
1987
We analyze the taxonomic structure of European populations at three time periods, the Early Middle Ages, the Late Middle Ages and the Recent Period. The data consist of sample means for 10 cranial variables based on 137, 108, and 183 samples for the three periods. Clustering by standard numerical taxonomic procedures reveals that the data are represented only poorly as hierarchic classifications. The clusters form significant and moderately strong associations with an arrangement of the samples by regions (geography) and by language family. Whereas during the early period, language family showed a stronger association with clusters based on cranial morphology, in the recent populations thes…