Search results for "2 diabetes"
showing 10 items of 679 documents
Menopause and diabetes: EMAS clinical guide
2018
Abstract Introduction Whether menopause increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) independently of ageing has been a matter of debate. Controversy also exists about the benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in women with T2DM. Aims To summarise the evidence on 1) the effect of menopause on metabolic parameters and the risk of T2DM, 2) the effect of T2DM on age at menopause, 3) the effect of MHT on the risk of T2DM, and 4) the management of postmenopausal women with T2DM. Materials and methods Literature review and consensus of experts’ opinions. Results and conclusion Metabolic changes during the menopausal transition include an increase in and the central redis…
Prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on nutrition data
2021
Abstract Numerous predictive models for the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exist, but a minority of them has implemented nutrition data so far, even though the significant effect of nutrition on the pathogenesis, prevention and management of T2DM has been established. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to build a predictive model for the risk of T2DM that incorporates nutrition data and calculates its predictive performance. We analysed cross-sectional data from 1591 individuals from the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) FF4 study (2013–14) and used a bootstrap enhanced elastic net penalised multivariate regression method in order to bu…
Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and LDL size and subclasses in women with gestational diabetes.
2008
AIMS: Women with gestational diabetes are more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease after pregnancy; however, the exact nature of the lipid alterations present is not clear. In Mediterranean women with gestational diabetes, we measured low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size and all seven subclasses, as well as the 'atherogenic-lipoprotein phenotype'[ALP, e.g. concomitant presence of elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and increased small, dense LDL]. METHODS: In 27 women with gestational diabetes and 23 healthy pregnant women matched for age, weeks of gestation and body mass index, we measured plasma lipids and LDL size and subclass…
Liraglutide Improved Cardiometabolic Parameters More in Obese than in Non-obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World 18-Month Prospective Stud…
2022
Introduction The glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist (GLP1-RA) liraglutide is currently approved for the treatment of both obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We investigated whether the effect of this agent on cardiometabolic parameters in subjects with T2DM varied in relation to the concomitant presence of obesity. Methods One hundred thirty-five subjects (78 men and 57 women; age: 62 +/- 10 years) naive to incretin-based therapies were treated with low-dose liraglutide (1.2 mg/day) as an add-on to metformin for 18 months. Patients were divided into two subgroups based on their body-mass index (BMI): (a) obese (BMI >= 30) and (b) non-obese (BMI < 30). Clinical and laboratory analyses we…
Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors : from Childhood to Adulthood
2021
Obesity has become a major epidemic in the 21st century. It increases the risk of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, which are known cardiometabolic risk factors and components of the metabolic syndrome. Although overt cardiovascular (CV) diseases such as stroke or myocardial infarction are the domain of adulthood, it is evident that the CV continuum begins very early in life. Recognition of risk factors and early stages of CV damage, at a time when these processes are still reversible, and the development of prevention strategies are major pillars in reducing CV morbidity and mortality in the general population. In this review, we will discuss the role of well-known but also …
Lifestyle recommendations for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome: an international panel recommendation.
2017
The importance of metabolic syndrome (MetS) lies in its associated risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, as well as other harmful conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In this report, the available scientific evidence on the associations between lifestyle changes and MetS and its components is reviewed to derive recommendations for MetS prevention and management. Weight loss through an energy-restricted diet together with increased energy expenditure through physical activity contribute to the prevention and treatment of MetS. A Mediterranean-type diet, with or without energy restriction, is an effective treatment component. This dietary pattern should be built …
The Role of Physicians' Digital Tools in Pharmacological Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
2022
Background and Objectives: The constantly increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the advent of new treatment options have made management of T2DM patients more demanding. We aimed to (a) estimate the familiarity of general practitioners with novel T2DM treatment options, (b) determine whether a digital tool can aid in their treatment decisions and (c) demonstrate that an evidence-based digital clinical support tool can be made using an existing digital platform. Materials and methods: This proof-of-concept study consisted of two parts: We first conducted a simple online survey among general practitioners of three European countries to estimate their familiarity with no…
Old and new basal insulin formulations: understanding pharmacodynamics is still relevant in clinical practice.
2013
Long-acting insulin analogues have been developed to mimic the physiology of basal insulin secretion more closely than human insulin formulations (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn, NPH). However, the clinical evidence in favour of analogues is still controversial. Although their major benefit as compared with NPH is a reduction in the hypoglycaemia risk, some cost/effectiveness analyses have not been favourable to analogues, largely because of their higher price. Nevertheless, these new formulations have conquered the insulin market. Human insulin represents currently no more than 20% of market share. Despite (in fact because of) the widespread use of insulin analogues it remains critical to anal…
Low vitamin D levels increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
2017
Low serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) (hypovitaminosis D) is common in older adults and associated with several negative outcomes. The association between hypovitaminosis D and diabetes in older adults is equivocal, however. We conducted a meta-analysis investigating if hypovitaminosis D is associated with diabetes in prospective studies among older participants. Two investigators systematically searched major electronic databases, from inception until 10/07/2016. The cumulative incidence of diabetes among groups was estimated according to baseline serum 25OHD levels. Random effect models were used to assess the association between hypovitaminosis D and diabetes at follow-up. From…
The reporting of previous lifestyle counseling by persons at high risk of Type 2 diabetes.
2011
Abstract Objective To assess (i) whether the reporting of counseling previously received is associated with high-risk individuals' agreement to participate in lifestyle intervention, (ii) whether the reporting of previous counseling differed within such a high-risk group, and (iii) the associations between lifestyles and previous lifestyle counseling. Methods Cross-sectional data were drawn from 10149 adults at high risk of Type 2 diabetes, who were participating in a Finnish national diabetes prevention project (FIN-D2D). Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used. Results In relation to the reporting of previous counseling, no difference was found between persons wh…