Search results for "2D"
showing 10 items of 305 documents
Using Hydrus 2-D Simulation model to evaluate wetted soil volume in subsurface drip irrigation systems.
2007
Drip irrigation is considered one of the most efficient irrigation systems. Alternatively to the traditional drip irrigation systems, laterals can be installed below the soil surface. Realizing the subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), which recently has been increasing in use as a consequence of advances in plastics technology, making SDI equipment more affordable and long lasting. Due to its potential high efficiency SDI may produce benefits, especially in places where water is a limited source. As the use of SDI is relatively new, a better understanding of the infiltration process around a buried point source can contribute to increased water use efficiency and consequently the success of dr…
3D laparoscopic surgery: a prospective clinical trial
2018
Since it's introduction, laparoscopic surgery represented a real revolution in clinical practice. The use of a new generation three-dimensional (3D) HD laparoscopic system can be considered a favorable "hybrid" made by combining two different elements: feasibility and diffusion of laparoscopy and improved quality of vision. In this study we report our clinical experience with use of three-dimensional (3D) HD vision system for laparoscopic surgery. Between 2013 and 2017 a prospective cohort study was conducted at the University Hospital of Palermo. We considered 163 patients underwent to laparoscopic three-dimensional (3D) HD surgery for various indications. This 3D-group was compared to a r…
Layer-dependent mechanical properties and enhanced plasticity in the van der Waals chromium trihalide magnets
2020
The mechanical properties of magnetic materials are instrumental for the development of the magnetoelastic theory and the optimization of strain-modulated magnetic devices. In particular, two-dimensional (2D) magnets hold promise to enlarge these concepts into the realm of low-dimensional physics and ultrathin devices. However, no experimental study on the intrinsic mechanical properties of the archetypal 2D magnet family of the chromium trihalides has thus far been performed. Here, we report the room temperature layer-dependent mechanical properties of atomically thin CrI3 and CrCl3, finding that bilayers of CrI3 and CrCl3 have Young's moduli of 62.1 GPa and 43.4 GPa, with the highest sust…
Moir\'e-enabled topological superconductivity
2020
The search for artificial topological superconductivity has been limited by the stringent conditions required for its emergence. As exemplified by the recent discoveries of various correlated electronic states in twisted van der Waals materials, moir\'e patterns can act as a powerful knob to create artificial electronic structures. Here, we demonstrate that a moir\'e pattern between a van der Waals superconductor and a monolayer ferromagnet creates a periodic potential modulation that enables the realization of a topological superconducting state that would not be accessible in the absence of the moir\'e. The magnetic moir\'e pattern gives rise to Yu-Shiba-Rusinov minibands and periodic mod…
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit natural killer cell functions in a transforming growth factor-beta-dependent manner.
2007
Tumor growth promotes the expansion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (T reg) cells that counteract T cell–mediated immune responses. An inverse correlation between natural killer (NK) cell activation and T reg cell expansion in tumor-bearing patients, shown here, prompted us to address the role of T reg cells in controlling innate antitumor immunity. Our experiments indicate that human T reg cells expressed membrane-bound transforming growth factor (TGF)–β, which directly inhibited NK cell effector functions and down-regulated NKG2D receptors on the NK cell surface. Adoptive transfer of wild-type T reg cells but not TGF-β−/− T reg cells into nude mice suppressed NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity, redu…
Monolayer-to-mesoscale modulation of the optical properties in 2D CrI3 mapped by hyperspectral microscopy
2023
Magnetic 2D materials hold promise to change the miniaturization paradigm of unidirectional photonic components. However, the integration of these materials in devices hinges on the accurate determination of the optical properties down to the monolayer limit, which is still missing. By using hyperspectral wide-field imaging at room temperature, we reveal a nonmonotonic thickness dependence of the complex optical dielectric function in the archetypal magnetic 2D material CrI3 extending across different length scales: onsetting at the mesoscale, peaking at the nanoscale, and decreasing again down to the single layer. These results portray a modification of the electronic properties of the mat…
Melatonin: Structural characterization of its non-enzymatic mono-oxygenate metabolite
2003
Oxidation of melatonin by Fenton reagents as well as with hypochlorous acid or oxoferryl hemoglobin has been investigated. Analysis of products by low resolution/mass spectra (MS), high resolution/MS, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, correlated spectroscopy (COSY) and heterocorrelated spectroscopy (HETCOR) 2D NMR reveals the formation of a single mono-oxygenated product under all conditions and unequivocally assigns the N-[2-(5-methoxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-acetamide structure, which had not been previously considered.
The Missing Link in the Magnetism of Hybrid Cobalt Layered Hydroxides: The Odd‐Even Effect of the Organic Spacer
2021
A dramatic change in the magnetic behaviour, which solely depends on the parity of the organic linker molecules, has been found in a family of layered CoII hydroxides covalently functionalized with dicarboxylic molecules. These layered hybrid materials have been synthesized at room temperature using a one-pot procedure through the epoxide route. While hybrids connected by odd alkyl chains exhibit coercive fields (Hc) below ca. 3500 Oe and show spontaneous magnetization at temperatures (TM) below 20 K, hybrids functionalized with even alkyl chains behave as hard magnets with Hc>5500 Oe and display a TM higher than 55 K. This intriguing behaviour was studied by density functional theory with …
Lipidomic profiling identifies signatures of metabolic risk
2020
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), the clustering of metabolic risk factors, is associated with cardiovascular disease risk. We sought to determine if dysregulation of the lipidome may contribute to metabolic risk factors. Methods: We measured 154 circulating lipid species in 658 participants from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and tested for associations with obesity, dysglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Independent external validation was sought in three independent cohorts. Follow-up data from the FHS were used to test for lipid metabolites associated with longitudinal changes in metabolic risk factors. Results: Thirty-nine lipids were…
Combination of KIR 2DL2 and HLA-C1 (Asn 80) confers susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in Latvians.
2008
Summary Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are known to modulate natural killer (NK) and NK T-cell function by interacting with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands on target cells. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of KIR2D genes with their HLA-C ligands in susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. A total of 98 type 1 diabetes patients and 70 healthy subjects from Latvia were typed for KIR genes and HLA-C ligands using polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping. The HLA C1+/C2+ combination was positively, and C1–/C2+ combination was negatively, associated with type 1 diabetes. Stratification analysis of KIR/HLA-C ligand combinations showed 2DL2+/C1+, 2DL3+/C…