Search results for "2D"
showing 10 items of 305 documents
The Putative Natural Killer Decoy Early Genem04(gp34) of Murine Cytomegalovirus Encodes an Antigenic Peptide Recognized by Protective Antiviral CD8 T…
2000
ABSTRACTSeveral early genes of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) encode proteins that mediate immune evasion by interference with the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) pathway of antigen presentation to cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). Specifically, them152gene product gp37/40 causes retention of MHC-I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment. Lack of MHC-I on the cell surface should activate natural killer (NK) cells recognizing the “missing self.” The retention, however, is counteracted by them04early gene product gp34, which binds to folded MHC-I molecules in the ER and directs the complex to the cell surface. It was thus speculated that gp34 mi…
2D platformu spēļu dizains
2018
Neskatoties uz neierobežotajām video spēļu izveides iespējām, aizvien vēl spēļu pasaulē ir pieprasītas 2D spēles, kas variē no vienkārša abstrakta līdz smalki izstrādātam multfilmu grafiskajam stilam. Diplomdarba „2D platformu spēļu dizains” mērķis - izveidot jaunu 2D platformu spēles konceptu ar oriģināliem spēles tēliem un stāstu. Pētāmā problēma – nepietiekama informācija par 2D platformu spēļu daudzveidību un grafiskā dizaina iezīmēm. Darba teorētiskajā daļā tiek pētīta literatūra un avoti par videospēļu dizaina attīstību un raksturīgākajiem elementiem. Empīriskajā daļā, izmantojot kontentanalīzi, tiek pētīts spēļu grafiskais stils saistībā ar spēles novērtējumu lielākajā interneta vide…
The Fatty Liver Assessment in Germany (FLAG) cohort study identifies large heterogeneity in NAFLD care
2020
Background & Aims NAFLD is a growing health concern. The aim of the Fatty Liver Assessment in Germany (FLAG) study was to assess disease burden and provide data on the standard of care from secondary care. Methods The FLAG study is an observational real-world study in patients with NAFLD enrolled at 13 centres across Germany. Severity of disease was assessed by non-invasive surrogate scores and data recorded at baseline and 12 months. Results In this study, 507 patients (mean age 53 years; 47% women) were enrolled. According to fibrosis-4 index, 64%, 26%, and 10% of the patients had no significant fibrosis, indeterminate stage, and advanced fibrosis, respectively. Patients with advanced fib…
Determining a healthy reference range and factors potentially influencing PRO-C3 – A biomarker of liver fibrosis
2021
Background & Aims Progressive fibrosis has been identified as the major predictor of mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several biomarkers are currently being evaluated for their ability to substitute the liver biopsy as the reference standard. Recent clinical studies in NAFLD/NASH patients support the utility of PRO-C3, a marker of type III collagen formation, as a marker for the degree of fibrosis, disease activity, and effect of treatment. Here we establish the healthy reference range, optimal sample handling conditions for both short- and long-term serum storage, and robustness for the PRO-C3 assay. Methods PRO-C3 was measured in 269 healthy volunteers…
Stability limits of elemental 2D metals in graphene pores
2019
Two-dimensional (2D) materials can be used as stabilizing templates for exotic nanostructures, including pore-stabilized, free-standing patches of elemental metal monolayers. Although these patches represent metal clusters under extreme conditions and are thus bound for investigations, they are poorly understood as their energetic stability trends and the most promising elements remain unknown. Here, using density-functional theory simulations and liquid drop model to explore the properties of 45 elemental metal candidates, we identify metals that enable the largest and most stable patches. Simulations show that pores can stabilize patches up to $\sim 8$ nm$^2$ areas and that the most promi…
Análisis de la interacciones parásito-hospedador en el modelo Echinostoma caproni-roedor, con énfasis en los factores que determinan el curso de la i…
2015
En la presente Tesis Doctoral se analizan diferentes parámetros implicados en las relaciones parásito-hospedador en helmintiasis intestinales mediante la utilización del modelo experimental Echinostoma caproni-roedor. Con esta finalidad se estudian diversos aspectos inmunológicos, además de las alteraciones intestinales inducidas por la infección en dos sistemas parásito-hospedador: E. caproni-ratón y E. caproni-rata. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que el IFN-γ y el óxido nítrico son mediadores fundamentales en el desarrollo de infecciones crónicas en ratón, induciendo disfunción mitocondrial en las células del epitelio intestinal e hiperplasia tisular. No obstante, se sugiere…
Two-dimensional single- and multiple-quantum correlation spectroscopy in zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance.
2020
We present single- and multiple-quantum correlation $J$-spectroscopy detected in zero ($<\!\!1$~$\mu$G) magnetic field using a \Rb vapor-cell magnetometer. At zero field the spectrum of ethanol appears as a mixture of \carbon isotopomers, and correlation spectroscopy is useful in separating the two composite spectra. We also identify and observe the zero-field equivalent of a double-quantum transition in ${}^{13}$C$_2$-acetic acid, and show that such transitions are of use in spectral assignment. Two-dimensional spectroscopy further improves the high resolution attained in zero-field NMR since selection rules on the coherence-transfer pathways allow for the separation of otherwise overlappi…
CYP2D6 genotype and adjuvant tamoxifen: meta-analysis of heterogeneous study populations.
2013
The International Tamoxifen Pharmacogenomics Consortium was established to address the controversy regarding cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) status and clinical outcomes in tamoxifen therapy. We performed a meta-analysis on data from 4,973 tamoxifen-treated patients (12 globally distributed sites). Using strict eligibility requirements (postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, receiving 20 mg/day tamoxifen for 5 years, criterion 1); CYP2D6 poor metabolizer status was associated with poorer invasive disease-free survival (IDFS: hazard ratio = 1.25; 95% confidence interval = 1.06, 1.47; P = 0.009). However, CYP2D6 status was not statistically significant when tamoxifen…
Association Between CYP2D6 Polymorphisms and Outcomes Among Women With Early Stage Breast Cancer Treated With Tamoxifen
2009
Context The growth inhibitory effect of tamoxifen, which is used for the treatment of hormone receptor–positive breast cancer, is mediated by its metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and endoxifen. The formation of active metabolites is catalyzed by the polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme. Objective To determine whether CYP2D6 variation is associated with clinical outcomes in women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen. Design, Setting, and Patients Retrospective analysis of German and US cohorts of patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen for early stage breast cancer. The 1325 patients had diagnoses between 1986 and 2005 of stage I through III breast cancer and were mainly postmenopausal (9…
Activation of a Sweet Taste Receptor by Oleanane-Type Glycosides from Wisteria sinensis
2022
The phytochemical study of Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. (Fabaceae), commonly known as the Chinese Wisteria, led to the isolation of seven oleanane-type glycosides from an aqueous-ethanolic extract of the roots. After successive purifications by various chromatographic methods, like solid/liquid chromatographic methods, vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), on normal and reverse phase (RP-18 silica gel), and size exclusion chromatography on Sephadex L, their structures were elucidated by an extensive 600 MHz NMR analysis including 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as ESI-MS. Among the seven isolated saponins, two have never been reported before : 3…